Program Directors' Assessments of US Medical Graduates' Transition to Residency.

Importance: Medical school graduates across specialties should be prepared for the start of postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1). Assessments by program directors (PDs) may offer insight to differences in preparedness across medical specialties.

Objective: To investigate whether PD assessments of their PGY-1 residents' performance during the transition to residency differed by specialty category.

Factors associated with low birth weight in low-income populations in the Western Balkans: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey.

Introduction: Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight below 2,500 g, represents a significant public health concern with a multifactorial risk dimension. Socio-demographic factors and individual characteristics of women and their social environment could influence low birth weight. This study aimed to analyze the association between the socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics of women living in low-income households and low birth weight in Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro.

Healthcare costs and resource utilization of patients with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: a retrospective US claims analysis of commercially insured patients.

Exploring the healthcare costs and resource use among privately insured US patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study used Merative MarketScan data. The index date was defined as the first PTSD claim.

Treatment patterns and characteristics of patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A retrospective claims analysis among commercially insured population.

Objective: This retrospective claims analysis explored the treatment utilization and characteristics among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of different severity.

Methods: The index date was the first PTSD claim. The analysis observed 12 months pre- and 24 months post-index.

U.S. Medical School Graduates' Placement in Graduate Medical Education: A National Study.

Purpose: This study describes graduate medical education (GME) placement outcomes for recent U.S. medical school graduates and examines racial and ethnic differences in GME placement among these graduates.

Serious treatment-emergent adverse events in chronic low back pain patients treated with buprenorphine or oral opioids: a retrospective commercial claims analysis.

Explore the safety of Belbuca® (buprenorphine buccal film), buprenorphine transdermal patches and oral opioids for chronic low back pain (cLBP) treatment. The retrospective analysis of the MarketScan Commercial database (2018-2021) included treatment-naive cLBP adults. The first date of buprenorphine (Belbuca and transdermal patch) or opioid prescription was index date.

Economic burden and dosing trends of buprenorphine buccal film and transdermal patch in chronic low back pain.

Exploring prescribing trends and economic burden of chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients prescribed buprenorphine buccal film (Belbuca®) or transdermal patches. In the MarketScan® commercial insurance claims (employees and their spouses/dependents, 2018-2021), the first film or patch prescription date was an index event. The observation covered 6-month pre-index and 12-month post-index periods.

Treatment response and clinical event-free survival in autoimmune hepatitis: A Canadian multicentre cohort study.

Background & Aims: Treatment outcomes for people living with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are limited by a lack of specific therapies, as well as limited well-validated prognostic tools and clinical trial endpoints. We sought to identify predictors of outcome for people living with AIH.

Methods: We evaluated the clinical course of people with AIH across 11 Canadian centres.

Piloting a National Curricular Resource for the Transition to Surgical Residency: Characteristics of Participating Schools and Their Students.

Objective: To determine the extent to which U.S. Liaison Committee of Medical Education (LCME)-accredited medical schools chose to participate in piloting a national curricular resource, the American College of Surgeons/Association of Program Directors in Surgery/Association of Surgical Education Resident Prep Curriculum ("ACS-surgery-prep curriculum"), and implications of such participation for student access nationally to this resource.

Treatment characteristics of chronic low back pain patients treated with buprenorphine buccal film or transdermal patch.

Retrospective insurance claims analysis exploring treatment characteristics in chronic low back pain patients prescribed buprenorphine buccal film (Belbuca) or transdermal patches. The first buprenorphine prescription (buccal film or transdermal patch) was an index event. Patients were observed over 6 month pre- and post-index periods.

Graduating Medical Students' Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Their Medical School Experiences and Preparation for Careers as Physicians: A National Study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented changes to the medical education learning environment. The graduating class of 2021 was particularly affected. To better understand how students were affected, the authors explored positive and negative experiences described by graduating U.

The Resident Readiness Survey: A National Process for Program Directors to Provide Standardized Feedback to Medical Schools About Their Graduates.

The process for program directors (PDs) to provide feedback to medical schools about their graduates' readiness for postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) training is burdensome and does not generate national benchmarking data. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) tested the feasibility of administering a standardized Resident Readiness Survey (RRS) to PDs nationally about their PGY-1 residents' preparedness for residency. In 2020 and 2021, the AAMC invited PDs via email to complete RRSs for their PGY-1s who graduated from participating schools; the AAMC provided schools with reports of identified RRS data for their graduates.

Safety and efficacy of inhaled IBIO123 for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, dose-ascending, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial.

Background: COVID-19 severity is associated with its respiratory manifestations. Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 administered systemically have shown clinical efficacy. However, immediate and direct delivery of neutralising antibodies via inhalation might provide additional respiratory clinical benefits.

Association Between a Medical School Applicant's Community College Attendance and the Likelihood of Application Acceptance: An Investigation of Select Medical School Characteristics.

Purpose: One-third of medical school applicants attend a community college (CC), and they represent a diverse group of applicants. However, they have a lower likelihood of being accepted to medical school. Using application-level data, this study examines how an applicant's CC attendance impacts the likelihood of application acceptance and how 3 medical school characteristics moderate this association.

CastNet: a systems-level sequence evolution simulator.

Background: Simulating DNA evolution has been done through coevolution-agnostic probabilistic frameworks for the past 3 decades. The most common implementation is by using the converse of the probabilistic approach used to infer phylogenies which, in the simplest form, simulates a single sequence at a time. However, biological systems are multi-genic, and gene products can affect each other's evolutionary paths through coevolution.

Graduating Medical Students' Experiences with Away (In-Person and Virtual) Rotations During COVID-19: Analysis of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) 2021 Graduation Questionnaire (GQ).

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted students' opportunities for away rotations (ARs). Schools and specialty organizations innovated by supplementing in-person ARs (ipARs) with virtual ARs (vARs). We sought to determine how ipAR and vAR completion varied by intended specialty among 2021 graduates.

Physicians' continuing medical education activities and satisfaction with their ability to stay current in medical information and practice: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Little is known about physicians' approaches to continuing medical education (CME) for continuing professional development despite the rapid evolution of CME offerings. We sought to identify the extent to which demographic, career, and experiential CME-activity variables were independently associated with physicians' satisfaction with their ability to stay current on medical information and practice.

Methods: Using the 2019 Association of American Medical Colleges' National Sample Survey of Physicians data, we ran multivariable logistic regression models examining demographic, career, and experiential (participation in 11 CME activities in the past year) variables for their associations with physicians' satisfaction (satisfied vs.

Comparing Entrustment Decision-Making Outcomes of the Core Entrustable Professional Activities Pilot, 2019-2020.

Importance: Gaps in readiness for indirect supervision have been identified for essential responsibilities encountered early in residency, presenting risks to patient safety. Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for entering residency have been proposed as a framework to address these gaps and strengthen the transition from medical school to residency.

Objective: To assess progress in developing an entrustment process in the Core EPAs framework.

Clinical characterization of patients with primary biliary cholangitis: A report from multiple Canadian centres.

Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare, chronic autoimmune, cholestatic liver disease affecting approximately 318 per million Canadians. There is limited information regarding the characterization of this patient population in Canada. Consequently, we aim to describe a cohort of PBC patients managed across liver centres serving this type of population.

Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency: A National Survey of Graduating Medical Students' Self-Assessed Skills by Specialty.

Background: The Association of American Medical Colleges described 13 Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) that graduating students should be prepared to perform under indirect supervision on day one of residency. Surgery program directors recently recommended entrustability in these Core EPAs for incoming surgery interns. We sought to determine if graduating students intending to enter surgery agreed they had the skills to perform these Core EPAs.

Evaluating the Association of a Core EPA-Oriented Patient Handover Curriculum on Medical Students' Self-reported Frequency of Observation and Skill Acquisition.

Introduction: "Giving or receiving a patient handover to transition patient care responsibility" is one of the thirteen Core Entrustable Professional Activities (Core EPAs) for Entering Residency. However, implementing a patient handover curriculum in undergraduate medical education (UME) remains challenging. Educational leaders in the multi-institutional Core EPA8 pilot workgroup developed a longitudinal patient handover UME curriculum that was implemented at two pilot institutions.

Ethnicity, disease severity, and survival in Canadian patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

Background And Aims: We investigated associations between ethnicity, survival, and disease severity in a diverse Canadian cohort of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Approach And Results: Patients with PBC were included from the Canadian Network for Autoimmune Liver Disease. Ethnicity was defined using a modified list adopted from Statistics Canada, and ethnicities with small samples were grouped.