The management of unanticipated difficult airways in children of all age groups in anaesthetic practice - the position paper of an expert panel.

Children form a specific group of patients, as there are significant differences between children and adults in both anatomy and physiology. Difficult airway may be unanticipated or anticipated. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient's death.

Unanticipated difficult airway management in children - the consensus statement of the Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Section and the Airway Management Section of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy and the Polish So.

Tracheal intubation may be defined as an artificial airway established in order to provide mechanical ventilation of the lungs during surgical procedures under general anaesthesia, treatment in an intensive care unit, as well as in emergency situations. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations, may result in the patient's death. There may be unanticipated and anticipated difficult airway.

Thoracoscopic repair of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF).

Methods: From August 2005 to March 2008, 23 consecutive patients (16 boys, 7 girls) weighing 1,070 to 3,390 g underwent thoracoscopic EA/TEF repair. Nine cases had associated malformations.