DISSEMINATED FUNGAL INFECTION WITH ADRENAL INVOLVEMENT: REPORT OF TWO HIV NEGATIVE BRAZILIAN PATIENTS.

Paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are systemic fungal infections endemic in Brazil. Disseminated clinical forms are uncommon in immunocompetent individuals. We describe two HIV-negative patients with disseminated fungal infections, paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, who were diagnosed by biopsies of suprarenal lesions.

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: Emergent bacteria causing pneumonia in a critically ill child.

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an unusual, highly resistant, gram- negative bacillus. While E. meningoseptica-associated meningitis outbreaks have been well-documented in hospital neonatal wards and among immunocompromised adults, reports describing this microorganism in critically ill children are scarce.

Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: two-year epidemiologic follow-up in a tertiary hospital.

This study describes a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) outbreak that occurred from October 2008-December 2010. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect the blaKPC gene and molecular typing was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). There were 33 CRKP infections; PFGE revealed five genotypes: genotype A in five (15%), B in 18 (55%), C in eight (24%) and two unique profiles.

Disseminated amphotericin-resistant fusariosis in acute leukemia patients: report of two cases.

Disseminated fusariosis has emerged as a significant, usually fatal infection in immunocompromised hosts despite antifungal treatment. We describe here two patients with acute leukemia who developed disseminated amphotericin-resistant fusariosis, and review of six studies of cases series in the literature. Two Fusarium solani strains were isolated from blood and skin cultures of one patient, and one strain from the blood culture of the second patient.

Prevalence, distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis bloodstream isolates.

The Candida parapsilosis group encompasses three species: C. parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. These species are phenotypically indistinguishable, and molecular methods are needed for their detection.

Bone marrow involvement in a patient with paracoccidioidomycosis: a rare presentation of juvenile form.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis rarely shows bone marrow involvement and its response to treatment with itraconazole in children needs further assessment. We describe here a child with a juvenile disseminated form of paracoccidioidomycosis, which showed reticuloendothelial system involvement and the presence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the bone marrow. The patient showed an effective and rapid response to itraconazole therapy.

Evaluation of the histopathological hepatic lesions and opportunistic agents in Brazilian HIV patients.

Introduction: to evaluated the type histopathological hepatic lesions and opportunistic agents in Brazilian HIV-infected patients.

Methods: we examined 52 percutaneous liver biopsies of 50 HIV-infected patients who had at least two of the following conditions: fever of unknown origin, unexplained severe emaciation, hepatomegaly or abnormal liver chemistry. The specimens were cultured for mycobacteria and fungi and stained by standard procedures.

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among Brazilian haemophiliacs.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now the most important cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. HCV infection prevalence is high among haemophiliacs (39%-98%), who got infected when received inadequately or non-virus-inactivated large-pool clotting factors concentrates before 1992. Current treatment reduces the probability of developing advanced stages of liver disease.