Skeletal muscle size and quality in healthy kidney donors, normal range and clinical associations.

The gold standard to estimate muscle mass and quality is computed tomography (CT) scan. Lower mass and density (intramuscular fat infiltration) of skeletal muscles are markers of sarcopenia, associated with increased mortality risk, impaired physical function, and poorer prognosis across various populations and medical conditions. We aimed to describe standard reference values in healthy population, prospective kidney donors, and correlate clinical parameters to muscle mass and density.

Fetal body composition reference charts and sexual dimorphism using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics advises that the nutrition of preterm infants should target a body composition similar to that of a fetus in utero. Still, reference charts for intrauterine body composition are missing. Moreover, data on sexual differences in intrauterine body composition during pregnancy are limited.

Fetal MRI-Based Body and Adiposity Quantification for Small for Gestational Age Perinatal Risk Stratification.

Background: Small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses are at risk for perinatal adverse outcomes. Fetal body composition reflects the fetal nutrition status and hold promise as potential prognostic indicator. MRI quantification of fetal anthropometrics may enhance SGA risk stratification.

High Prognostic Value of Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Association with PSMA Expression Assessed by Immunohistochemistry.

In oligo-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), neither computed tomography (CT) nor bone scan is sensitive enough to detect small tumor deposits hampering early treatment and potential cure. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in the neo-vasculature of numerous malignant neoplasms, including RCC, that can be targeted by positron emission tomography (PET) using PSMA-targeting radioligands. Our aim was to investigate whether PSMA-expression patterns of renal cancer in the primary tumor or metastatic lesions on immunohistochemistry (IHC) are associated with PET/CT findings using [Ga]-PSMA-HBED-CC (PSMA-PET/CT).

SPECT/CT with 99mTc labelled heat-denatured erythrocyte to detect thoracic and abdominal splenosis.

Scintigraphy with 99mTc labelled heat-denatured erythrocyte (DRBC) allows non invasive diagnosis of heterotopic splenic tissue implantation (splenosis) following splenic trauma or surgery. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with computed tomography (CT) improves diagnostic accuracy of planar imaging through a more precise localization of functional findings. We report about two cases of splenosis occurring many years after splenectomy.

Platypnea-orthodeoxia after fibrotic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia. A case report.

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a clinical entity characterized by positional dyspnoea (platypnea) and arterial desaturation (orthodeoxia) that occurs when sitting or standing up and usually resolves by lying down. POS may result from some cardiopulmonary disorders or from other miscellaneous aetiologies. We report a case of POS in a patient after fibrotic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia associated with pulmonary embolism.

Unknown SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia detected by PET/CT in patients with cancer.

Introduction: In January 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy necessitated rigorous application of more restrictive safety procedures in the management and treatment of patients with cancer to ensure patient and staff protection. Identification of respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was a challenge during the pandemic owing to a large number of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients.

Methods: We report 5 patients with unknown SARS-CoV-2 infection undergoing positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with radiopharmaceuticals targeting different tumor processes: F-FDG, F-choline (FCH), and Ga-PSMA.

Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in recurrent prostate cancer: efficacy in different clinical stages of PSA failure after radical therapy.

Objectives: The primary objective was the evaluation of Gallium 68 (Ga)-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) detection rate, for identifying the site of prostate cancer (PCa) relapse (local vs systemic), stratifying the population according to different clinical stages of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Secondary aims were: 1) to evaluate the association of clinical/pathologic features and Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT detection rate, 2) to compare Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with other imaging procedures, and 3) to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) in a per-patient analysis.

Material And Methods: This population was enrolled through a prospective, open label, single-center trial performed at the Nuclear Medicine of the University Hospital of Bologna (Eudract: 2015-004589-27 OsSC).

Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy and PSA <0.5 ng/ml. Efficacy and impact on treatment strategy.

Purpose: The primary aim of this retrospective, single-centre analysis was to assess the performance of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in prostate cancer (PCa) patients in early PSA failure after radical prostatectomy (RP). The secondary aim was to assess the potential impact of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on treatment strategy.

Methods: Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT is performed in our institution within an investigational new drug (IND) trial in PCa patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR).

Liver metastases from prostate cancer at 11C-Choline PET/CT: a multicenter, retrospective analysis.

Aim: During our daily clinical practice using 11C-Choline PET/CT for restaging patients affected by relapsing prostate cancer (rPCa) we noticed an unusual but significant occurrence of hypodense hepatic lesions with a different tracer uptake. Thus, we decided to evaluate the possible correlation between rPCa and these lesions as possible hepatic metastases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 542 patients diagnosed with rPCa in biochemical relapse after a radical treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy).

The role of F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of osteosarcoma recurrence.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of F-FDG-PET/CT in osteosarcoma patients suspicious for disease recurrence after adequate surgical therapy.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were: a) adequate surgical treatment for proven osteosarcoma and documented complete remission after therapy; b) F-FDG-PET/CT performed during follow-up for clinical/diagnostic suspicion of relapse; c) new surgical treatment with excision of the suspected lesions; d) histological validation of F-FDG-PET/CT findings. Thirty-seven patients matching all inclusion criteria were retrospectively enrolled (20 men and 17 female).

(11)C-Choline PET/CT for restaging prostate cancer. Results from 4,426 scans in a single-centre patient series.

Purpose: To evaluate (11)C-choline PET/CT as a diagnostic tool for restaging prostate cancer (PCa), in a large, homogeneous and clinically relevant population of patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa after primary therapy. The secondary aim was to assess the best timing for performing (11)C-choline PET/CT during BCR.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 9,632 (11)C-choline PET/CT scans performed in our institution for restaging PCa from January 2007 to June 2015.

PET/Computed Tomography in the Individualization of Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

Choline PET/computed tomographic (CT) imaging represents the most diffused PET imaging techniques to investigate patients with prostate cancer (PCa). It may show the site of tumor recurrence in a single step examination, earlier than other conventional imaging techniques. In this context, the availability of a diagnostic test capable of differentiating between potentially curable local recurrence and metastatic disease implying palliative approaches may play an important role in those patients in whom targeted therapies could be performed according to choline PET/CT results.

(11)C-Choline PET/CT in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel.

Purpose: To investigate the role of (11)C-choline PET/CT for evaluating the response to treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with docetaxel in comparison with PSA response.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were (a) proven mCRPC, (b) docetaxel as first line of chemotherapy (docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) + prednisone 5 mg), and (c) (11)C-choline PET/CT and PSA values assessed before and after docetaxel administration. A total of 61 patients were retrospectively enrolled (mean age 68.

11C-choline PET/CT identifies osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare C-choline PET/CT, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA kinetics, and C-choline uptake in recurrent metastatic prostate cancer patients with osteoblastic and osteolytic bone metastases.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 140 patients with the following criteria: (a) positive bone lesions identified with C-choline PET/CT and validated as true positive by histology (14.2%), correlative imaging (33.

11C-choline PET/CT and bladder cancer: lymph node metastasis assessment with pathological specimens as reference standard.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of C-choline-PET/CT in nodal assessment in patients with bladder cancer (BCa) using the pathological specimen as reference standard.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-nine patients with proven BCa were retrospectively enrolled from April 2011 to January 2014 (mean [SD] age, 70.1 [9] years; range 49-85 years).

11C-choline PET/CT for restaging of bladder cancer.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate of C-choline PET/CT in bladder cancer (BC) patients with suspected relapse after primary therapy.

Methods: Twenty-five BC patients with surgery (21 [84%]) or radiotherapy (4 [16%]) with curative intent had PET/CT for suspicion of relapse. Mean TNM was T2b N0 M0 (range, T1a N0 M0 to T4 N2 M0), whereas mean age was 71.

Impact of 11C-choline PET/CT on clinical decision making in recurrent prostate cancer: results from a retrospective two-centre trial.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective two-centre study was to investigate the clinical impact of (11)C-choline PET/CT on treatment management decisions in patients with recurrent prostate cancer (rPCa) after radical therapy.

Methods: Enrolled in this retrospective study were 150 patients (95 from Bologna, 55 from Würzburg) with rPCa and biochemical relapse (PSA mean ± SD 4.3 ± 5.

Early biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy: which prostate cancer patients may benefit from a restaging 11C-Choline PET/CT scan before salvage radiation therapy?

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to assess which factors may influence (11)C-choline PET/CT detection rate in a population of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) patients listed for salvage radiation therapy (S-RT) in an early phase of biochemical relapse, to select which patients could obtain the most benefit by performing restaging (11)C-choline PET/CT before S-RT.

Methods: The study comprised 605 patients, treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) with curative intent for PCa who showed rising PSA levels after primary therapy and listed for S-RT. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values were >0.

11C-choline PET/CT detects the site of relapse in the majority of prostate cancer patients showing biochemical recurrence after EBRT.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the usefulness and the detection rate of (11)C-choline PET/CT in a population of patients with prostate cancer (PC), exclusively treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) as primary treatment, who showed biochemical relapse.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 140 patients showing a serum PSA level >2 ng/mL (mean 8.6 ng/mL, median 5 ng/mL, range 2 - 60 ng/mL).