Residency Selection in Otolaryngology: Past, Present, & Future.

Objectives: To examine the otolaryngology residency selection process, including past experiences based on the medical literature and survey analysis of our present practices to generate recommendations for future selection system design.

Methods: A mixed-methods study, including a scoping review and a cross-sectional survey, was completed. Four databases were assessed for articles on otolaryngology residency selection published from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2020.

Dynamically occluded action recognition by pigeons.

Identifying the behaviors of organisms is essential for an animal's survival. This ability is particularly challenged when the "actors" are dynamically occluded by other objects and become fragmented as they move through an environment. Even when fragmented in time and across space, humans readily recognize the behavior of these dynamically occluded objects and actors.

Institutional networks in cooperative population management: Exploring patterns in transfer fulfillment.

Long-term sustainability of ex-situ animal populations is important for zoos and aquariums, but challenging due to inconsistent compliance with Breeding and Transfer Plans. Transfer recommendations are key to promoting the sustainability of ex-situ animal populations by ensuring cohesive populations, genetic diversity, and demographic stability, but factors affecting their fulfillment are poorly understood. We used a network analysis framework to analyze data compiled from PMCTrack from 2011 to 2019 for three taxonomic classes (mammals, birds, and reptiles/amphibians) within the Association of Zoos and Aquariums to assess factors affecting transfer recommendation fulfillment.

Molecular Evidence for Olfactory Neuroblastoma as a Tumor of Malignant Globose Basal Cells.

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB, esthesioneuroblastoma) is a sinonasal cancer with an underdeveloped diagnostic toolkit, and is the subject of many incidents of tumor misclassification throughout the literature. Despite its name, connections between the cancer and normal cells of the olfactory epithelium have not been systematically explored and markers of olfactory epithelial cell types are not deployed in clinical practice. Here, we utilize an integrated human-mouse single-cell atlas of the nasal mucosa, including the olfactory epithelium, to identify transcriptomic programs that link ONB to a specific population of stem/progenitor cells known as olfactory epithelial globose basal cells (GBCs).

Minimal Radiographic Mucosal Thickness or Opacification Criterion for Sinus-Specific Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Objective: Primary chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is typically a diffuse process and the extent of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) performed for medically recalcitrant CRS is impacted by many factors. However, some third-party payors have implemented policies to authorize coverage for ESS in a sinus-by-sinus manner based on a minimal measurement of millimeters of mucosal thickening or sinus opacification in the corresponding sinus that is being surgically addressed. Our objective was to determine whether such policies are based on scientific evidence that in patients with medically recalcitrant CRS, a minimum measurement of mucosal thickening or sinus opacification is a predictor of CRS in that sinus or improved outcomes after ESS on a sinus-by-sinus basis.

Non-polar ether-based electrolyte solutions for stable high-voltage non-aqueous lithium metal batteries.

The electrochemical instability of ether-based electrolyte solutions hinders their practical applications in high-voltage Li metal batteries. To circumvent this issue, here, we propose a dilution strategy to lose the Li/solvent interaction and use the dilute non-aqueous electrolyte solution in high-voltage lithium metal batteries. We demonstrate that in a non-polar dipropyl ether (DPE)-based electrolyte solution with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide salt, the decomposition order of solvated species can be adjusted to promote the Li/salt-derived anion clusters decomposition over free ether solvent molecules.

Liquid Biopsy Screening for Early Detection of Lung Cancer: Current State and Future Directions.

Liquid biopsy (LB) is clinically utilized to detect minute amounts of genetic material or protein shed by cancer cells, most commonly cell free DNA (cfDNA), as a noninvasive precision oncology tool to assess genomic alterations to guide cancer therapy or to detect the persistence of tumor cells after therapy. LB is also being developed as a multi-cancer screening assay. The use of LB holds great promise as a tool to detect lung cancer early.

Living with a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Frontotemporal dementia describes a spectrum of disorders which include behavioural changes, changes to affect, speech difficulties and physical issues. Although literature exists which identifies the need for the voices of people with dementia to be heard, there is a paucity of research which includes hearing the experiences of people diagnosed with FTD. The purpose of this research was to explore the lived experience of frontotemporal dementia from the persons' perspective using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Evaluation of the World Health Organization Global Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease (IB-VPD) Surveillance Network's Laboratory External Quality Assessment Programme, 2014-2019.

In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Invasive Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Disease (IB-VPD) Surveillance Network (GISN) to monitor the global burden and aetiology of bacterial meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis caused by (Hi), (Nm) and (Sp).. The GISN established an external quality assessment (EQA) programme for the characterization of Hi, Nm and Sp by culture and diagnostic PCR.

A chemical credit framework to predict the removal performance of organic chemicals of concern from water through an ozonation process.

Ozonation is an effective barrier for removing a wide spectrum of organic Chemicals of Concern (CoC) in a water treatment process. In this study, bench- and full-scale tests were conducted on a secondary treated effluent at the Eastern Treatment Plant (ETP) of Melbourne Water to probe the performance of ozonation in removing CoC in a wastewater discharge. From the secondary treated effluent as the feed to the ozone process, 58 organic chemicals were measured out of a possible 949 compounds by using the AIQS-DB analytical method.

Effects of Sex and Cuff Pressure on Physiological Responses during Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise in Young Adults.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological responses resulting from an acute blood flow restriction resistance exercise bout with two different cuff pressures in young, healthy men and women.

Methods: Thirty adults (18-30 yr) completed a bilateral leg extension blood flow restriction bout consisting of four sets (30-15-15-15 repetitions), with cuffs applied at pressures corresponding to 40% and 60% of the minimum arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) needed to completely collapse the femoral arteries. During each of these conditions (40% and 60% AOP), physiological measures of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and EMG amplitude (EMG AMP) were collected from the dominant or nondominant vastus lateralis.

Harnessing Virtual Mom Power: Process and Outcomes of a Pilot Telehealth Adaptation of a Multifamily, Attachment-Based Intervention.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies amplified racial and income-based health disparities, profoundly shifted family life, and altered delivery systems for support services. We report pilot data from a telehealth adaptation of Mom Power, an evidence-based, attachment-informed multifamily preventive intervention (clinicaltrials.gov: ).

Changes to teaching and learning about medication administration within a diploma of nursing course due to the Covid-19 pandemic: A staff and student multi-method evaluation.

Aim: This project aimed to evaluate student and staff satisfaction with, and perspectives on, changes to delivery and format of the Medication Unit of Competency within a Diploma of Nursing Program.

Background: Medication safety is an integral component of learning for pre-registration nursing students. The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid changes to be made to the medication competency unit being taught to students within a Diploma of Nursing, pre-registration course.

Twist response of actin filaments.

Actin cytoskeleton force generation, sensing, and adaptation are dictated by the bending and twisting mechanics of filaments. Here, we use magnetic tweezers and microfluidics to twist and pull individual actin filaments and evaluate their response to applied loads. Twisted filaments bend and dissipate torsional strain by adopting a supercoiled plectoneme.

Oral Feeding on High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Children Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis.

Objective: Oral feeding by children with bronchiolitis on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is questioned, resulting in high practice variability. Our objective was to determine the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and adverse feeding events in otherwise healthy children with bronchiolitis on HFNC who fed orally from admission.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review, in a tertiary children's hospital, of 876 children who were <24 months old, admitted for bronchiolitis, and treated with HFNC in the pediatric ward from March 2017 to May 2020.

Biodistribution of Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy Following Cerebrospinal Fluid-Directed Administration.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapies, exemplified by the approved therapy for spinal muscular atrophy, have the potential to deliver disease-course-altering treatments for central nervous system (CNS) indications. However, several clinical trials have reported severe adverse events, including patient deaths following high-dose systemic administration for muscle-directed gene transfer, highlighting the need to explore approaches utilizing lower doses when targeting the CNS. Animal models of disease provide insight into the response to new AAV therapies.

A global examination of clinical ladder programs - A synthesis of commonalities and opportunities for standardization.

Background: Clinical ladder programs (CLPs) have been part of the nursing profession for nearly 4 decades. However, the structure and implementation of CLPs vary widely throughout healthcare systems. CLPs are a valuable factor in nurse retention and employee satisfaction initiatives, but globally replicating and measuring their impact is difficult due to lack of standardization.

POT-3 preferentially binds the terminal DNA-repeat on the telomeric G-overhang.

Eukaryotic chromosomes typically end in 3' telomeric overhangs. The safeguarding of telomeric single-stranded DNA overhangs is carried out by factors related to the protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) protein in humans. Of the three POT1-like proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans, POT-3 was the only member thought to not play a role at telomeres.

Management paradigms for chronic rhinosinusitis in individuals with asthma: An evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: Despite the significant morbidity associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in individuals with asthma (CRSwA), there is a paucity of codified, evidence-based management strategies for CRS in this population.

Methods: Using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Review Databases, a systematic review was performed covering management strategies for CRSwA. A total of 5903 articles were screened, and 70 were included for full-text analysis.