Treatment experiences with focus on IL-6R inhibition in patients with VEXAS-syndrome and a case of remission with azacytidine treatment.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment response to Interleukin-6-receptor inhibitition (IL-6Ri), primarily tocilizumab, in patients with VEXAS.

Methods: Data were obtained from review of hospital based clinical records and included symptoms, laboratory data, transfusion history, pathology reports, imaging, and treatment.

Results: Fifteen patients were treated with tocilizumab intravenously.

A low dietary sodium dose is associated with a more pronounced aldosterone response in normotensive than in hypertensive individuals.

In this comprehensive meta-regression analysis encompassing 79 randomized controlled trials, we observed that in populations assigned to a high sodium intake level exceeding 94 mmol, there was no discernible link between plasma aldosterone levels and sodium intake. However, among populations with normal blood pressure subjected to a lower sodium intake, falling below 111 mmol (N = 1544), the association between sodium intake and plasma aldosterone levels manifested as a decrease of 192 pg/ml per 100 mmol of sodium (95% CI - 303 to - 81). In hypertensive populations (N = 1145), this association was less pronounced, with a reduction of 46 pg/ml per 100 mmol sodium, (95% CI - 112 to 20).

Monotreatment With Conventional Antirheumatic Drugs or Glucocorticoids in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Importance: This is the first network meta-analysis to assess outcomes associated with multiple conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid.

Objective: To analyze clinical outcomes after treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Data Sources: With no time restraint, English language articles were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.

Onset of Action of Selected Second-Generation Antipsychotics (Pines)-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Recommendations for duration of treatment with antipsychotics before considering a switch vary from 2 to 8 weeks, although several studies suggest a rapid onset of action. The objective of this review was to estimate time to onset of action and time to maximum antipsychotic effect of asenapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and zotepine (pines). We searched bibliographic databases for randomized, placebo-controlled trials in adults with schizophrenia estimating the antipsychotic effect of pines over time.

Influence of sodium intake and change in sodium intake on plasma-renin in man.

Background: Low sodium intake stimulates the production and activity of renin. The aim is to analyse the association between a large range of sodium intake and the plasma renin activity (PRA).

Methods: We performed electronic searches for articles published between January 1st 1946 and March 18th 2020 and updated on January 21st 2021.

The effect of activated charcoal on drug exposure following intravenous administration: A meta-analysis.

Activated charcoal both reduces primary drug absorption and enhances drug elimination. However, the two mechanisms of action overlap and are indistinguishable from each other. In order to estimate the extend of enhanced elimination, we summarized the effect of activated charcoal on intravenously administered drugs, where reduced drug exposure can be attributed to enhanced elimination.

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Background: Recent cohort studies show that salt intake below 6 g is associated with increased mortality. These findings have not changed public recommendations to lower salt intake below 6 g, which are based on assumed blood pressure (BP) effects and no side-effects.

Objectives: To assess the effects of sodium reduction on BP, and on potential side-effects (hormones and lipids) SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials up to April 2018 and a top-up search in March 2020: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.

Sodium and health-concordance and controversy.

describe the sources of agreement and disagreement about the health effects of sodium and how they might be resolved

Different Original and Biosimilar TNF Inhibitors Similarly Reduce Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Network Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials.

The effect of five approved tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab) on joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been compared versus methotrexate (MTX) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but have not been compared directly to each other or to an otherwise untreated placebo control. The present analysis compares effects of standard doses, high doses, and low doses of TNFis on radiographic joint destruction in RA and relate these effects to MTX and placebo by means of a Bayesian network meta-analysis. We identified 31 RCTs of the effect of TNFis on joint destruction and 5 RCTs with controls, which indirectly could link otherwise untreated placebo controls to the TNFi treatments in the network.

Dose-response relation between dietary sodium and blood pressure: a meta-regression analysis of 133 randomized controlled trials.

Background: The projected reduced mortality effect of reduced sodium intake in model-based studies conflicts with the observed increased mortality associated with low sodium intake in population studies. This may reflect an overestimation of the dose-response relation between sodium reduction (SR) and blood pressure (BP) used in mortality modeling studies.

Objectives: The present meta-regression analysis sought to estimate the dose-response relations between SR and BP in study groups with mean BP above or below the 75th percentile of the general population.

[Increased mortality on a daily salt intake below six grammes].

Randomised controlled trials of healthy individuals show that the effect of reduced dietary salt intake (SR) on blood pressure (BP) is less than 1 mmHg. Still, health authorities use BP effects obtained in studies of participants with high BP to simulate reduced mortality in computer modeling studies. These simulations are in contrast to real data from observational studies, which show that a low salt intake is associated with an increased mortality of about 15% in healthy as well as in hypertensive individuals.

Clinical and biochemical presentation of sarcoidosis with high and normal serum angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Objectives: The presentation of sarcoidosis can involve symptoms from all organs and the diagnosis is therefore often difficult. A raised serum level of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) can be detected in 41-58% of patients. However, whether the sACE level per se reflects the severity of the sarcoid inflammation at the onset of the disease is not well described.

Conflicting Evidence on Health Effects Associated with Salt Reduction Calls for a Redesign of the Salt Dietary Guidelines.

Ninety-five percent of the World's populations have a mean salt intake between 6 and 12 g, which is much lower than the tolerated daily level of up to 55 g/d. In spite of this, the recommended upper level by many health institutions is as low as 5.8 g/day.

U-shaped dietary sodium-associated incidence of chronic kidney disease cautions against salt overrestriction in hypertension.

In this population study salt intake is not associated with development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with normal blood pressure, whereas in hypertensive individuals both low and high salt intakes are associated with increased incidence of CKD, similar to U-shaped associations between salt intake and mortality found in previous studies. The results contribute to the skepticism, which has questioned the present public health policy to reduce salt intake below 5.8 g.

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Background: In spite of more than 100 years of investigations the question of whether a reduced sodium intake improves health is still unsolved.

Objectives: To estimate the effects of low sodium intake versus high sodium intake on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), plasma or serum levels of renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides.

Search Methods: The Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials up to March 2016: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2016, Issue 3), MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.

Con: Reducing salt intake at the population level: is it really a public health priority?

Scientific evidence to support the recommended salt intake of < 5.8 g/day is virtually non-existingent. There are no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of salt reduction (SR) below 5.