Surgical management of posterior fossa medulloblastoma in children: The Lyon experience.

Introduction: Modern approach for the treatment of posterior fossa medulloblastomas remains a challenge for pediatric neurosurgeons and pediatric oncologists and requires a multidisciplinary approach to optimize survival and clinical results.

Material And Methods: We report the surgical principles of the treatment of posterior fossa medulloblastomas in children and how to avoid technical mistakes especially in very young patients. We also report our experience in a series of 64 patients operated from a medulloblastoma between 2000 and 2018 in Lyon.

[Why a hydroxyapatite cranioplasty can be used to repair a cranial bone defect in children: Experience of 19 cases].

Introduction: The use of an autologous bone graft to repair a cranial bone defect is sometimes impossible in pediatric cases. CUSTOMBONE made with hydroxyapatite is a good alternative in these indications for neurosurgeons.

Material And Methods: We present a pediatric series of 19 children who benefited from a cranioplasty using CUSTOMBONE.

Role of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in the Management of Myelomeningocele-Related Hydrocephalus: A Retrospective Study in a Single French Institution.

Introduction: Treatment of hydrocephalus related to myelomeningocele (MM) is debated. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been proposed with contrasting results. We report our experience in the management of hydrocephalus related to MM and the advantages of ETV.

Cranial vault expansion with the split bone flap technique in shunt-related craniosynostosis.

Introduction: Shunt-related craniosynostosis causing craniocerebral disproportion represents a particular complication of the treatment of hydrocephalus. When the modification of the shunt opening pressure does not improve the symptomatology, surgery for correction of craniocerebral disproportion is indicated. We present the results and advantages of the split bi-frontal bone technique that is a modification of the previous used frontal bone advancement technique.

[Our experience about the use of resorbable plates in the treatment of craniostenosis].

Introduction: The use of resorbable plates increases for craniosynostosis surgery. This material, based on polymere (PLA, PGA) can replace steel wire and non resorbable plates. A few studies present surgical results about the use of this material with a long follow-up.

Decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of post-traumatic intracranial hypertension in children: our philosophy and indications.

Decompressive craniotomy (DC) in children is a life-saving procedure for the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension related to traumatic, ischemic and infectious lesions. Different surgical procedures have been proposed including uni or bilateral hemicraniectomy, bi-frontal, bi-temporal, or bi-parietal craniotomies. DC can avoid the cascade of events related to tissue hypoxia, brain perfusion reduction, hypotension and the evolution of brain edema that can be responsible for brain herniation.

Neuroendoscopy and pineal tumors: A review of the literature and our considerations regarding its utility.

Endoscopy has entered into the armamentarium of pineal and pineal region tumor treatment. The technique permits not only to control hydrocephalus but also to obtain tissue samples for histological diagnosis. In this paper, we explain the utility of endoscopy for the treatment of pineal tumors and as well as report some personal considerations regarding this topic.

The sub-occipital transtentorial approach revisited base on our own experience.

Unlabelled: The surgical experience of the sub-occipital approach for treatment of pineal gland and pineal region tumors is reported. This approach was originally proposed by Jamieson and modified by Lapras who by changing the shape of the bone flap obtained the elevation of the occipital lobe which consequently resulted in a better exposition of this deep region. The reason why this approach became the basis for their treatment is particularly related to the personal experience of Lapras who reported his fantastic experience of surgery in this deep area and demonstrated the advantages of the sub-occipital transtentorial approach.

Fatigue is associated with metabolic and density alterations of cortical and deep gray matter in Relapsing-Remitting-Multiple Sclerosis patients at the earlier stage of the disease: A PET/MR study.

Background: Fatigue is a common but complex symptom of multiple sclerosis. A central origin is now suggested as a key feature of its pathophysiology and gray matter (GM) structure seems to be (particularly) involved in the neurobiological basis of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: We investigated, in a cohort of 17 Relapsing-Remitting-MS patients recruited within three years of disease diagnosis, the link between fatigue severity evaluated by the EMIF-SEP (a validated self-report questionnaire in French), and metabolic and density alterations of GM using positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using SPM5 (statistical parametric morphometry) analysis and voxel-based-morphometry.

Regional dynamics of amyloid-β deposition in healthy elderly, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a voxelwise PiB-PET longitudinal study.

Amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer's disease is thought to start while individuals are still cognitively unimpaired and it is hypothesized that after an early phase of fast accumulation, a plateau is reached by the time of cognitive decline. However, few longitudinal Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography studies have tested this hypothesis, and with conflicting results. The purpose of this work is to further our understanding of the dynamics of amyloid-β deposition in a large longitudinal cohort.

[The default mode network: cognitive role and pathological disturbances].

Introduction: A "resting state" or "default mode network" has been highlighted in functional neuroimaging studies as a set of brain regions showing synchronized activity at rest or in task-independent cognitive state.

State Of The Art: A considerable and increasing number of studies have been conducted over the last few years so as to unravel the cognitive function(s) of this brain network.

Perspectives: This review gives an overview of anatomical, physiological and phenomenological data regarding the default mode network.

Effects of ApoE-epsilon4 allele load and age on the rates of grey matter and hippocampal volumes loss in a longitudinal cohort of 1186 healthy elderly persons.

In a sample of 1186 healthy subjects aged 65 to 89 years who were scanned twice with MRI 3.6 years apart, we studied the effects of age and ApoE-epsilon4 allele load on the rate of atrophy of grey matter and hippocampus. Rates of grey matter and hippocampal volumes loss were computed from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using voxel-based morphometry and region of interest analysis.

Quantification and clinical relevance of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a review.

Multiple sclerosis is known to be an inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized mainly by multifocal areas of white matter lesions. Recently, cortical lesions and brain atrophy have emerged as new pathological markers of disease progression. Brain tissue loss can now be easily and reproducibly detected and quantified by MRI, which has led to an increasing amount of research correlating brain tissue loss with other MRI markers, such as white matter lesions, and to clinical disabilities (motor or cognitive), in order to assess its clinical relevance.

Age- and sex-related effects on the neuroanatomy of healthy elderly.

Effects of age and sex, and their interaction on the structural brain anatomy of healthy elderly were assessed thanks to a cross-sectional study of a cohort of 662 subjects aged from 63 to 75 years. T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans were acquired in each subject and further processed using a voxel-based approach that was optimized for the identification of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment. Analysis of covariance revealed a classical neuroanatomy sexual dimorphism, men exhibiting larger gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and CSF compartment volumes, together with larger WM and CSF fractions, whereas women showed larger GM fraction.

No epsilon4 gene dose effect on hippocampal atrophy in a large MRI database of healthy elderly subjects.

The effect of ApoE genotype on grey matter (GM) atrophy was studied on a cohort of 750 healthy elderly volunteers (age range 63-75 years). High-resolution T1-weighted MR images were processed using both voxel-based morphometry and region of interest analysis for hippocampal volume estimation. Significant decrease of grey matter in epsilon(4) homozygous subjects (n = 12), as compared both to epsilon(4) heterozygous subjects (n = 175) and to noncarrier (n = 563) subjects, was found bilaterally in the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, and extending over the superior temporal gyrus.