Factors Associated with PrEP Persistence and Loss of Follow-Up: A 5-Year Historic Cohort.

Objective: HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been used in France since 2016. Its effectiveness is no longer to be demonstrated. However, follow-up and adherence remain the main pitfalls.

Advantages and limits of remote consultations for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis health pathway: ePrEP qualitative study.

Objective: Because of a high rate of HIV diagnosis and restricted medical access in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France , remote consultations (RC) with a community-based approach has been implemented to promote access to healthcare. Our study aimed to determine whether RC could improve access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for men who have sex with men (MSM) as part of the healthcare pathway associated with PrEP.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with 17 MSM and 3 physicians from specialized sexual health centres was performed, with a mean duration of interview over one hour.

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Introduction : In France, the incidence of HIV infections remains at 6,000 infections a year. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) could reduce this number. Despite available reimbursement since 2016 to exposed populations, the recipients remain mostly men who have sex with men (MSM) living in large cities.

Pooling Rectal, Pharyngeal, and Urine Samples to Detect , , and Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Is as Effective as Single-Site Testing for Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Screening for (CT) and (NG) at pharyngeal, urogenital, and anorectal sites is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM). Pooling samples is a promising technique, but no data are available when pooled screening also includes (MG). The main objective of this study was to examine the sensitivity of pooled samples for detecting CT, NG, and MG in MSM using nucleic acid amplification versus single-site testing.

PrEP monitoring and HIV incidence after PrEP initiation in France: 2016-18 nationwide cohort study.

Background: Clinical trials have demonstrated that oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has high efficacy in preventing HIV transmission. In many countries, HIV testing is recommended prior to PrEP initiation, 1 month after and quarterly thereafter. We assessed the uptake of HIV testing and estimated the incidence of HIV infections after oral PrEP initiation, by using the French national health database (SNDS).

Antibiotic Therapy for 6 or 12 Weeks for Prosthetic Joint Infection.

Background: The management of prosthetic joint infection usually consists of a combination of surgery and antimicrobial therapy. The appropriate duration of antimicrobial therapy for this indication remains unclear.

Methods: We performed an open-label, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial to compare 6 weeks with 12 weeks of antibiotic therapy in patients with microbiologically confirmed prosthetic joint infection that had been managed with an appropriate surgical procedure.

Pharmacological data of a successful 4-days-a-week regimen in HIV antiretroviral therapy (ANRS 162-4D trial).

Introduction: Few data are available on plasma concentrations of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) during intermittent treatment.

Objective: To compare plasma concentrations in OFF vs ON treatment periods at several time points during treatment.

Methods: During a successful 48-week multicenter study (ANRS 162-4D trial) of 4 days with treatment (ON) followed by 3 days without treatment (OFF) in adults treated by two nucleoside analogues and a third agent belonging to a boosted protease-inhibitor (PI, darunavir [DRV], atazanavir [ATV], lopinavir [LPV]) or a non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, efavirenz [EFV], etravirine [ETR], rilpivirine [RPV]) conducted in 100 patients (96% success), we determined the plasma concentrations of ARV.

Low-level HIV viremia is associated with low antiretroviral prescription refill rates and social deprivation.

Optimal management of patients experiencing persistent low-level viremia (LLV) remains challenging and poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the association between poor antiretroviral treatment (ARV) adherence and persistent LLV. ADHELOW is a sub-study of the ECHEC cohort comprising HIV-infected adults with virological failure (viral load>50 copies/mL).

Multidisciplinary team meeting for complex bone and joint infections diagnosis: The PHICTOS study.

Background: In France, the most severe bone and joint infections (BJI), called "complex" (CBJI), are assessed in a multidisciplinary team meeting (MTM) in a reference center. However, the definition of CBJI, drawn up by the Health Ministry, is not consensual between physicians. The objective was to estimate the agreement for CBJI classification.

Distal Arthrogryposis with Impaired Proprioception and Touch: Description of an Early Phenotype in a Boy with Compound Heterozygosity of Mutations and Review of the Literature.

The recessive -associated disease, distal arthrogryposis with impaired proprioception and touch (DAIPT), is characterized by hypotonia, perinatal respiratory distress, significantly delayed motor milestones, and progressive symptoms of distal arthrogryposis and scoliosis. Here, we describe the youngest patient with DAIPT to date, who, at the age of 3.5 years, did not show a single clinical sign of distal arthrogryposis or contractures, but had a history of bilateral clubfoot operations.

Secure Quantum Key Distribution over 421 km of Optical Fiber.

We present a quantum key distribution system with a 2.5 GHz repetition rate using a three-state time-bin protocol combined with a one-decoy approach. Taking advantage of superconducting single-photon detectors optimized for quantum key distribution and ultralow-loss fiber, we can distribute secret keys at a maximum distance of 421 km and obtain secret key rates of 6.

The iSnake Robotic Platform for Endoscopic Surgery.

Endoscopic procedures have transformed minimally invasive surgery as they allow the examination and intervention on a patient's anatomy through natural orifices, without the need for external incisions. However, the complexity of anatomical pathways and the limited dexterity of existing instruments, limit such procedures mainly to diagnosis and biopsies. This paper proposes a new robotic platform: the Intuitive imaging sensing navigated and kinematically enhanced ([Formula: see text]) robot that aims to improve the field of endoscopic surgery.

Paradoxical Effect of Chloroquine Treatment in Enhancing Chikungunya Virus Infection.

Since 2005, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) re-emerged and caused numerous outbreaks in the world, and finally, was introduced into the Americas in 2013. The lack of CHIKV-specific therapies has led to the use of non-specific drugs. Chloroquine, which is commonly used to treat febrile illnesses in the tropics, has been shown to inhibit CHIKV replication in vitro.

Key features of bone and joint infections following the implementation of reference centers in France.

Objectives: French reference centers for bone and joint infections (BJI) were implemented from 2009 onwards to improve the management of complex BJIs. This study compared BJI burden before and after the implementation of these reference centers.

Patients And Methods: BJI hospital stays were selected from the 2008 and 2013 national hospital discharge database using a validated algorithm, adding the new complex BJI code created in 2011.

Use of telemedicine in the management of infectious diseases.

Communication technologies have invaded our daily lives. Several studies have assessed these technologies in the management of infectious diseases (mainly HIV). Weekly short text messages and real-time compliance monitoring assessed in HIV patients are both associated with higher compliance in low-income countries.

Gaze gesture based human robot interaction for laparoscopic surgery.

While minimally invasive surgery offers great benefits in terms of reduced patient trauma, bleeding, as well as faster recovery time, it still presents surgeons with major ergonomic challenges. Laparoscopic surgery requires the surgeon to bimanually control surgical instruments during the operation. A dedicated assistant is thus required to manoeuvre the camera, which is often difficult to synchronise with the surgeon's movements.

Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis of the elderly: Characteristics and outcomes.

Background: The incidence of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) has increased over the past two decades. One possible cause of this increase is the aging of the population, which results in more comorbidities in high income countries.

Objective: To better characterize the clinical presentation and outcome of PVO in the elderly.

Four-days-a-week antiretroviral maintenance therapy in virologically controlled HIV-1-infected adults: the ANRS 162-4D trial.

Background: Intermittent treatment could improve the convenience, tolerability and cost of ART, as well as patients' quality of life. We conducted a 48 week multicentre study of a 4-days-a-week antiretroviral regimen in adults with controlled HIV-1-RNA plasma viral load (VL).

Methods: Eligible patients were adults with VL < 50 copies/mL for at least 1 year on triple therapy with a ritonavir-boosted PI (PI/r) or an NNRTI.

Probing the compartmentalization of HIV-1 in the central nervous system through its neutralization properties.

Compartmentalization of HIV-1 has been observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients at different clinical stages. Considering the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier, we wondered if a reduced selective pressure by neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in the central nervous system (CNS) could favor the evolution of NAb-sensitive viruses in this compartment. Single genome amplification (SGA) was used to sequence full-length HIV-1 envelope variants (453 sequences) from paired CSF and blood plasma samples in 9 subjects infected by HIV variants of various clades and suffering from diverse neurologic disorders.

Antibiotic therapy duration for prosthetic joint infections treated by Debridement and Implant Retention (DAIR): Similar long-term remission for 6 weeks as compared to 12 weeks.

Background: The required duration of antibiotic treatment for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) with debridement and retention of the implant (DAIR procedure) is unknown.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study emphasizing the duration of antibiotic therapy in patients treated with by DAIR.

Results: We included 87 hip or knee PJI episodes in 87 patients from three university hospitals in France and Switzerland.

A machine learning approach for real-time modelling of tissue deformation in image-guided neurosurgery.

Objectives: Accurate reconstruction and visualisation of soft tissue deformation in real time is crucial in image-guided surgery, particularly in augmented reality (AR) applications. Current deformation models are characterised by a trade-off between accuracy and computational speed. We propose an approach to derive a patient-specific deformation model for brain pathologies by combining the results of pre-computed finite element method (FEM) simulations with machine learning algorithms.

Characteristics of and risk factors for severe neurological deficit in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: A case-control study.

Severe neurological deficit (SND) is a rare but major complication of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). We aimed to determine the risk factors and the variables associated with clinical improvement for SND during PVO.This case-control study included patients without PVO-associated SND enrolled in a prospective randomized antibiotic duration study, and patients with PVO-associated SND managed in 8 French referral centers.

Impact of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) are frequently misdiagnosed and patients often receive anti-inflammatory drugs for their back pain. We studied the impact of these medications.