Decoding Depth of Meditation: Electroencephalography Insights From Expert Vipassana Practitioners.

Background: Meditation practices have demonstrated numerous psychological and physiological benefits, but capturing the neural correlates of varying meditative depths remains challenging. In this study, we aimed to decode self-reported time-varying meditative depth in expert practitioners using electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods: Expert Vipassana meditators ( = 34) participated in 2 separate sessions.

Mobile brain-body imaging data set of indoor treadmill walking and outdoor walking with a visual search task.

To fully understand brain processes in the real world, it is necessary to record and quantitatively analyse brain processes during real world human experiences. Mobile electroencephalography (EEG) and physiological data sensors provide new opportunities for studying humans outside of the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to document data from high-density EEG and mobile physiological sensors while humans performed a visual search task both on a treadmill in a laboratory setting and overground in a natural outdoor setting.

Decoding working-memory load during-back task performance from high channel fNIRS data.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can measure neural activity through blood oxygenation changes in the brain in a wearable form factor, enabling unique applications for research in and outside the lab and in practical occupational settings. fNIRS has proven capable of measuring cognitive states such as mental workload, often using machine learning (ML) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). To date, this research has largely relied on probes with channel counts from under ten to several hundred, although recently a new class of wearable NIRS devices featuring thousands of channels has emerged.

On decoding of rapid motor imagery in a diverse population using a high-density NIRS device.

Introduction: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) aims to infer cognitive states such as the type of movement imagined by a study participant in a given trial using an optical method that can differentiate between oxygenation states of blood in the brain and thereby indirectly between neuronal activity levels. We present findings from an fNIRS study that aimed to test the applicability of a high-density (>3000 channels) NIRS device for use in short-duration (2 s) left/right hand motor imagery decoding in a diverse, but not explicitly balanced, subject population. A side aim was to assess relationships between data quality, self-reported demographic characteristics, and brain-computer interface (BCI) performance, with no subjects rejected from recruitment or analysis.

Executive Function-Related Improvements on a Commercial CBT-Based Weight Management Intervention: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Executive functioning is a key component involved in many of the processes necessary for effective weight management behavior change (e.g., setting goals).

Cognitive Effects of Stimulant, Guanfacine, and Combined Treatment in Child and Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Psychostimulants are partially effective in reducing cognitive dysfunction associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cognitive effects of guanfacine, an alternative treatment, are poorly understood. Given its distinct action on α2A receptors, guanfacine may have different or complementary effects relative to stimulants.

Abnormal Parietal Brain Function in ADHD: Replication and Extension of Previous EEG Beta Asymmetry Findings.

Background: Abundant work indicates ADHD abnormal posterior brain structure and function, including abnormal structural and functional asymmetries and reduced corpus callosum size. However, this literature has attracted considerably less research interest than fronto-striatal findings.

Objective: To help address this imbalance, the current study replicates and extends our previous work showing abnormal parietal brain function in ADHD adults during the Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CPT).

Atypical EEG beta asymmetry in adults with ADHD.

Background: Abnormal brain laterality (ABL) is well established in ADHD. However, its clinical specificity and association to cognitive and clinical symptoms is not yet understood. Previous studies indicate increased right hemisphere (RH) contribution in both ADHD and reading impaired samples.

Familial clustering and DRD4 effects on electroencephalogram measures in multiplex families with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: The current study tests electroencephalogram (EEG) measures as a potential endophenotype for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining sibling and parent-offspring similarity, familial clustering with the disorder, and association with the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) candidate gene.

Method: The sample consists of 531 participants (191 parents and 340 children) from 132 multiplex families with ADHD who participated in a larger genetics study. All members of the families underwent extensive assessment including semi-structured diagnostic interviews and EEG recording.

ADHD familial loading and abnormal EEG alpha asymmetry in children with ADHD.

Objective: Abnormal brain laterality (ABL) is indicated in ADHD. ADHD and brain laterality are heritable. Genetic factors contributing to lateralization of brain function may contribute to ADHD.

Atypical alpha asymmetry in adults with ADHD.

Introduction: A growing body of literature suggests atypical cerebral asymmetry and interhemispheric interaction in ADHD. A common means of assessing lateralized brain function in clinical populations has been to examine the relative proportion of EEG alpha activity (8-12 Hz) in each hemisphere (i.e.

Cortical activity patterns in ADHD during arousal, activation and sustained attention.

Objective: The goal of the present study is to test whether there are Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-related differences in brain electrical activity patterns across arousal, activation and vigilance states.

Method: The sample consists of 80 adults (38 with ADHD and 42 non-ADHD controls) who were recruited for a family study on the genetics of ADHD. Patterns of cortical activity were measured using electroencephalography (EEG) during baseline and sustained attention conditions and compared according to ADHD diagnostic status.

Rethinking a right hemisphere deficit in ADHD.

Introduction: Early observations from lesion studies suggested right hemisphere (RH) dysfunction in ADHD. However, a strictly right-lateralized deficit has not been well supported. An alternatively view suggests increased R > L asymmetry of brain function and abnormal interhemispheric interaction.