Diets, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Nutritional Status in Tanzania: Scoping Review.

Globally, the intake of fruit and vegetables (F&V) is far below the recommended levels, contributing to various health challenges including micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases. In Tanzania, where the triple burden of malnutrition persists, there is a need to identify gaps in evidence, better understand diets and F&V intake and identify promising interventions for improved intake. We conducted a scoping review to summarize the evidence on dietary intake, F&V intake and nutritional status in Tanzania.

Biodiversity impacts of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires.

With large wildfires becoming more frequent, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is to discover how interactions among fire-regime components, drought and land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented 2019-2020 Australian megafires burnt more than 10 million hectares, prompting major investment in biodiversity monitoring.

Prominent Bone Marrow Infiltration in the Appendicular Skeleton in a B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient Demonstrated by FDG PET-MRI.

Leukemia spread in the bone marrow typically is greater in the axial skeleton than in the appendicular skeleton. We report an unusual pattern of FDG-avid bone marrow infiltration that is more prominent in the appendicular skeleton than the axial skeleton in a pediatric patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acquisition of suppressive function by conventional T cells limits antitumor immunity upon T depletion.

Regulatory T (T) cells contribute to immune homeostasis but suppress immune responses to cancer. Strategies to disrupt T cell-mediated cancer immunosuppression have been met with limited clinical success, but the underlying mechanisms for treatment failure are poorly understood. By modeling T cell-targeted immunotherapy in mice, we find that CD4 Foxp3 conventional T (T) cells acquire suppressive function upon depletion of Foxp3 T cells, limiting therapeutic efficacy.

Effects of Food-Based Approaches on Vitamin A Status of Women and Children: A Systematic Review.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) increases risk for morbidity and mortality. Food-based approaches offer one strategy to improve vitamin A status. This systematic review assessed evidence of the effects of food-based approaches on the vitamin A status of women and children under 5 y.

The use of teledentistry in clinical oral and maxillofacial pathology practice: an institutional experience.

Background: Although there has been a slight increase in dental professionals since 2011, 98 of North Carolina's 100 counties are designated as Dental Health Professional Shortage Areas by the Heath Resources and Service Administration. This shortage significantly increases disparities and access to primary and specialized oral health care. Also, dental professionals in these remote locations may feel the access and referrals to oral and maxillofacial pathologists cumbersome.

Outcomes of ATA Low-Risk Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Patients Not Treated With Radioactive Iodine Therapy.

Context: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) Pediatric Guidelines recommend patients not receive radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) confined to the thyroid. Since publication, there is ongoing concern whether withholding RAIT will result in a lower rate of remission.

Objective: This study explores whether ATA low-risk patients treated with and without RAIT achieved similar remission rates.

REVISITING THE EBOLA EPIDEMIC IN WEST AFRICA: THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL DETERMINANTS IN PUBLIC RESPONSES.

Background: The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic was largely restricted to the three nations of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, yet it tested the world's ability to address a potential global pandemic. This study provides an in-depth examination of the role of emotions in the response to the outbreak and engagement with public health measures, and the contextual factors which influenced them.

Methods: Historical research methods were utilised in the examination of primary and secondary sources.

Characterization of household food waste in Italy: Three year comparative assessment and evaluation of seasonality effects.

In the present paper, the results of the first comparative assessment of household food waste in Italy are reported with a timeframe of three years coupled with an evaluation of seasonality effects. To pursue the aim of Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 to halve consumer food waste by 2030, the Italian Observatory on Food Surplus, Recovery and Waste carried out two surveys in 2021 (July and November) to characterize household food waste and to evaluate the seasonality effects.

Predictors of vitamin A rich food consumption among women living in households growing orange-fleshed sweetpotatoes in selected regions in Uganda.

Objective: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has serious public health consequences including morbidity and mortality for populations in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially for children under 5 years and pregnant women. LMICs are at greater risk of VAD, in part due to low levels of consumption of vitamin A-rich foods most of which are plant-based, such as orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP), with lower bioavailability than animal sources of the vitamin A. Food-based approaches such as biofortification of OFSP, including promoting the consumption of vitamin A-rich biofortified staple crops, has been shown to be potentially effective in improving the status of vitamin A and other micronutrients.

Sustainable choices: The relationship between adherence to the dietary guidelines and food waste behaviors in Italian families.

Introduction: Food loss and waste are urgent problems to address. Recent estimates highlighted that the highest quantities of waste are generated at the household level and for this reason, the interest in this sector has increased over years.

Methods: To investigate if there is a connection between consumers' behaviors aiming at reducing food waste and consumers' choices in adopting healthy eating habits, a survey among a sample ( = 2,869) representative of the Italian population was carried out with the use of validated questionnaires.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food habits and neophobia in children in the framework of the family context and parents' behaviors: A study in an Italian central region.

Objective: This paper aims to evaluate whether changes in lifestyle and eating habits resulting from the Covid-19 emergency have influenced the post-pandemic level of food neophobia and in children living in an Italian central region.

Methods: A sample of 99 children took part in a retrospective assessment carried out with a self-administrated questionnaire. Pre and post-pandemic evaluation of eating habits, physical activity, and lifestyle indicators was carried out.

Rural-Urban Differences in Use of Dental Services and Procedures Among Medicare Beneficiaries in 2018.

Objective: Medicare beneficiaries in rural areas may face challenges in access to dental care. This study assessed rural-urban differences in the use of dental services and dental procedures by Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: We obtained data from the 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey cost and use files.

Association between infection and nutritional status among infants in a cohort study of vitamin A in western Kenya.

Background: Infection is associated with impaired nutritional status, especially for infants younger than 5 years.

Objectives: We assessed the impact of infection indicated by both acute phase proteins (APP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and α-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), and as reported by maternal recall on the nutritional status of infants.

Materials And Methods: A total of 505 pregnant women were enrolled in a nested longitudinal cohort study of vitamin A (VA).

BACH2 restricts NK cell maturation and function, limiting immunity to cancer metastasis.

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical to immune surveillance against infections and cancer. Their role in immune surveillance requires that NK cells are present within tissues in a quiescent state. Mechanisms by which NK cells remain quiescent in tissues are incompletely elucidated.

Association Between Nutrition Social Behavior Change Communication and Improved Caregiver Health and Nutrition Knowledge and Practices in Rural Tanzania.

Background: Efforts to improve infant and young child feeding practices include the use of nutrition behavior change communication among caregivers of children under 5 years. We assessed the association between monthly participation in community-level nutrition group meetings on caregiver health and nutrition knowledge and practices (KPs).

Methods: Data from a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in the Eastern and Southern Highland Zones of Tanzania were used.

The Italian Observatory on Food Surplus, Recovery, and Waste: The Development Process and Future Achievements.

Food loss and waste (FLW) is an environmental, social, and economic problem. Countries all around the world are looking for efficient strategies to prevent and reduce FLW, as recommended by target 12.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations.

ROUTINE USE OF SUGAMMADEX DOES NOT SHORTEN PACU LENGTH OF STAY: A PROSPECTIVE DOUBLE-BLINDED RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Background: The reversal agent sugammadex has been shown to be more efficacious at reversal from neuromuscular blockade (NMB) induced by the aminosteroid class of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants than the traditionally used medication neostigmine. However, whether these differences lead to significantly faster PACU discharge readiness remains unknown. Given the increased acquisition cost of sugammadex as compared to neostigmine we compared these two reversal agents in our surgical population to determine if its pharmacokinetic superiority warranted a change in current practice.

Eating Habits during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: The Nutritional and Lifestyle Side Effects of the Pandemic.

To limit the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a nationwide lockdown started in Italy in March 2020. In this unpredictable situation, a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was carried out by the Observatory on Food Surplus, Recovery and Waste of CREA Food and Nutrition Centre. The aim of this work was to evaluate how Italian habits changed during this period, the determinants of changes, and the effect on food waste prevention.

Effects of Foods Fortified with Zinc, Alone or Cofortified with Multiple Micronutrients, on Health and Functional Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Seventeen per cent of the world's population is estimated to be at risk of inadequate zinc intake, which could in part be addressed by zinc fortification of widely consumed foods. We conducted a review of efficacy and effectiveness studies to ascertain the effect of zinc fortification [postharvest fortification of an industrially produced food or beverage; alone or with multiple micronutrients (MMN)] on a range of health outcomes. Previous reviews have required that the effect of zinc be isolated; because zinc is always cofortified with MMN in existing fortification programs, we did not impose this condition.

CCR8 marks highly suppressive Treg cells within tumours but is dispensable for their accumulation and suppressive function.

CD4 regulatory T (Treg) cells, dependent upon the transcription factor Foxp3, contribute to tumour immunosuppression but are also required for immune homeostasis. There is interest in developing therapies that selectively target the immunosuppressive function of Treg cells within tumours without disrupting their systemic anti-inflammatory function. High levels of expression of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (CCR8) discriminate Treg cells within tumours from those found in systemic lymphoid tissues.

A Joint Statement from the American Thyroid Association, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Thyroid Association, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging on Current Diagnostic and Theranostic Approaches in the Management of Thyroid Cancer.

The American Thyroid Association (ATA), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Thyroid Association, and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging have established an intersocietal working group to address the current controversies and evolving concepts in thyroid cancer management and therapy. The working group annually identifies topics that may significantly impact clinical practice and publishes expert opinion articles reflecting intersocietal collaboration, consensus, and suggestions for further research to address these important management issues. In 2019, the intersocietal working group identified the following topics for review and interdisciplinary discussion: (i) perioperative risk stratification, (ii) the role of diagnostic radioactive iodine (RAI) imaging in initial staging, and (iii) indicators of response to RAI therapy.

Celebrating eighty years of radionuclide therapy and the work of Saul Hertz.

March 2021 will mark the eightieth anniversary of targeted radionuclide therapy, recognizing the first use of radioactive iodine to treat thyroid disease by Dr. Saul Hertz on March 31, 1941. The breakthrough of Dr.