Comprehensive care processes for substance use disorders in adult mental health services: A systematic review.

Background And Objectives: Assessment and care of substance use disorder within mental health services are essential due to the high prevalence and harms associated with comorbidity. Substance use disorder assessment and care are routinely recommended in clinical guidelines; however, processes are not agreed. This systematic review of routine clinical practice in relation to substance use disorders in adult mental health service aims to identify routine assessment and diagnosis processes, the proportion of patients and service episodes in which they occur and their outputs.

Psychostimulant use and the brain.

Psychostimulant users are typically young adults. We have conducted a narrative review of neuropsychiatric harms associated with the psychostimulants methamphetamine/amphetamine, cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), focusing on epidemiological factors, common clinical presentations, underlying causal mechanisms and treatment options. The major neuropsychiatric harms of psychostimulant use are stroke, neurocognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, seizures and psychotic illness.

Six years of national mental health seclusion data: the Australian experience.

Objectives: Reducing or eliminating seclusion from mental health care settings has been a national priority for Australia since 2005. This paper describes Australia's national seclusion data collection, and summarises changes in seclusion rates in Australian public mental health services.

Methods: Seclusion events per 1000 patient days were calculated from 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 utilising state and territory administrative data sources.

Trends in diagnosis of bipolar disorder: Have the boundaries changed?

Objective: There are concerns that the diagnostic boundaries of bipolar disorder have expanded. This study seeks evidence of change in diagnostic practice at three boundaries: the 'lower' boundary with subclinical mood conditions, the 'lateral' boundary with other mental health conditions (psychotic, anxiety, substance and personality disorders) and the 'internal' boundary within affective disorders.

Methods: Diagnoses recorded in health system administrative data collections were used as a measure of clinician diagnostic behaviour.

Stimulant use disorders in people with psychosis: a meta-analysis of rate and factors affecting variation.

Objective: Stimulant abuse and dependence often complicate the care of people with psychotic disorders. This study systematically reviews the prevalence estimates reported for stimulant abuse and dependence in people with psychotic disorders, and examines personal, clinical, regional and methodological factors which explain variation in these rates.

Methods: PsychINFO, EMBASE and MEDLINE (1946-2013) were searched systematically for studies reporting on stimulant drug use disorders in representative samples of people with psychotic disorders.

Stimulant and other substance use disorders in schizophrenia: prevalence, correlates and impacts in a population sample.

Objectives: Stimulants may worsen psychotic symptoms but there is limited evidence about the impact of stimulant abuse in people with schizophrenia. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of stimulant and other drug disorders in a population-based sample of people with schizophrenia, examining associations with frequent service use, physical health comorbidities and accommodation instability.

Methods: New South Wales (NSW) hospital, community mental health and emergency department data were used to examine health service contact over 5 years in 13,624 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

The impact of cannabis and stimulant disorders on diagnostic stability in psychosis.

Background: Substance abuse adds to diagnostic uncertainty in psychosis and may increase the risk of transition from brief and affective psychoses to schizophrenia. This study examined whether comorbid substance disorder was associated with diagnostic instability and progression from other psychosis diagnoses to schizophrenia and whether effects differed for cannabis and stimulant-related disorders.

Method: We identified 24,306 individuals admitted to hospital with an ICD-10 psychosis diagnosis between 2000 and 2011.

Cannabis and stimulant disorders and readmission 2 years after first-episode psychosis.

Background: Few studies have examined the impact of stimulant use on outcome in early psychosis. Ceasing substance use may lead to positive outcomes in psychosis.

Aims: To examine whether baseline cannabis or stimulant disorders and ongoing drug use predict readmission within 2 years of a first psychosis admission.

The global epidemiology and burden of psychostimulant dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

Aims: To estimate the global prevalence of cocaine and amphetamine dependence and the burden of disease attributable to these disorders.

Methods: An epidemiological model was developed using DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, using epidemiological data (prevalence, incidence, remission and mortality) sourced from a multi-stage systematic review of data. Age, sex and region-specific prevalence was estimated for and multiplied by comorbidity-adjusted disability weightings to estimate years of life lost to disability (YLDs) from these disorders.

Stimulant use and stimulant use disorders in Australia: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month stimulant use disorders in the Australian population, and to compare the prevalence estimates from a population survey with prevalence estimates derived using indirect methods.

Design And Setting: Data were drawn from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, which sampled 8841 residents of private dwellings in Australia in 2007. Interviews were conducted by lay interviewers using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.