Acute and chronic glutamate NMDA antagonist treatment attenuates dopamine D antagonist-induced reduction of nicotine self-administration in female rats.

Multiple interacting neural systems are involved in sustaining nicotine reinforcement. We and others have shown that dopamine D receptors and glutamate NMDA receptors both play important roles in nicotine reinforcement. Blockade of D receptors with the antagonist SCH-23390 (0.

Self-administration by female rats of low doses of nicotine alone vs. nicotine in tobacco smoke extract.

Background: Nicotine has reinforcing effects, but there are thousands of other compounds in tobacco, some of which might interact with nicotine reinforcement.

Aims: This rat study was conducted to determine if nicotine self-administration is altered by co-administration of the complex mixture of compounds in tobacco smoke extract (TSE).

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for self-administration of low doses of nicotine (3 or 10 µg/kg/infusion) at three different rates of reinforcement (FR1, FR3 and FR5) over three weeks either alone or together with the complex mixture of tobacco smoke extract (TSE).