Adult Inception of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Increases Sleep during the Dark Cycle in C57BL/6J Wild Type and Fragile X Mice.

Sleep problems are a significant phenotype in children with fragile X syndrome. Our prior work assessed sleep-wake cycles in male mice and wild type (WT) littermate controls in response to ketogenic diet therapy where mice were treated from weaning (postnatal day 18) through study completion (5-6 months of age). A potentially confounding issue with commencing treatment during an active period of growth is the significant reduction in weight gain in response to the ketogenic diet.

Digital Remote Monitoring Using an mHealth Solution for Survivors of Cancer: Protocol for a Pilot Observational Study.

Background: Healthy lifestyle interventions have a positive impact on multiple disease trajectories, including cancer-related outcomes. Specifically, appropriate habitual physical activity, adequate sleep, and a regular wholesome diet are of paramount importance for the wellness and supportive care of survivors of cancer. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to support novel tailored lifestyle interventions.

microRNA blood signature for localized radiation injury.

A radiological accident, whether from industrial, medical, or malicious origin, may result in localized exposure to high doses of ionizing radiations, leading to the development of local radiation injury (LRI), that may evolve toward deep ulceration and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues. Early diagnosis is therefore crucial to facilitate identification and management of LRI victims. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers of several diseases including hematological defects following whole-body irradiation (WBI).

Developing a Sustainable Care Delivery Payment Model for Children With Medical Complexity.

Children with medical complexity (CMC) are a small but growing population representing <1% of all children while accounting for >30% of childhood health care expenditure. Complex care is a relatively new discipline that has emerged with goals of improving CMC care, optimizing CMC family function, and reducing health care costs. The provision of care coordination services is a major function of most complex care programs.

Creating and testing a questionnaire to predict immediate and strong positive responders to spinal manipulative therapy for non-specific low back pain. A pilot study.

Background: Many chiropractors use spinal manipulative techniques (SMT) to treat spinal pain. A recent Delphi study posited 18 items across five domains as predictors of patients experiencing non-specific low back pain most likely to experience a strong and immediate positive response to SMT. We sought to create a 'pen and paper' questionnaire that would measure these items and then pilot its use in a clinical setting to determine its 'usability' for a larger study.

Too much is too much: Influence of former stress levels on food craving and weight gain during the COVID-19 period.

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated social restrictions had an extensive effect on peoples' lives. Increased rates of weight gain were widely reported, as were declines in the general populations' mental health, including increases in perceived stress. This study investigated whether higher perceived levels of stress during the pandemic were associated with greater levels of weight gain, and whether poor prior levels of mental health were a factor in higher levels of both stress and weight gain during the pandemic.

Health economics of health justice partnerships: A rapid review of the economic returns to society of promoting access to legal advice.

Background: Welfare legal problems and inadequate access to support services follow both the socioeconomic and the health inequalities gradients. Health Justice Partnership (HJP) is an international practitioner-led movement which brings together legal and healthcare professionals to address the root causes of ill health from negative social determinants. The aim of this paper was to identify the current evidence base for the cost-effectiveness of HJP or comparable welfare advice services.

Visual stream connectivity predicts assessments of image quality.

Despite extensive study of early vision, new and unexpected mechanisms continue to be identified. We introduce a novel formal treatment of the psychophysics of image similarity, derived directly from straightforward connectivity patterns in early visual pathways. The resulting differential geometry formulation is shown to provide accurate and explanatory accounts of human perceptual similarity judgments.

Immune-Related Genomic Schizophrenic Subtyping Identified in DLPFC Transcriptome.

Well-documented evidence of the physiologic, genetic, and behavioral heterogeneity of schizophrenia suggests that diagnostic subtyping may clarify the underlying pathobiology of the disorder. Recent studies have demonstrated that increased inflammation may be a prominent feature of a subset of schizophrenics. However, these findings are inconsistent, possibly due to evaluating schizophrenics as a single group.

A pragmatic dementia risk score for patients with mild cognitive impairment in a memory clinic population: Development and validation of a dementia risk score using routinely collected data.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop and validate a 3-year dementia risk score in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on variables collected in routine clinical care.

Methods: The prediction score was trained and developed using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). Selection criteria included aged 55 years and older with MCI.

Protection and safety of a repeated dosage of KI for iodine thyroid blocking during pregnancy.

In case of nuclear power plant accidents resulting in the release of radioactive iodine (I) in large amounts, a single intake of stable iodine is recommended in order to preventI fixation to the thyroid gland. However, in situations of prolonged exposure toI (e.g.

Acetylcholine signaling genes are required for cocaine-stimulated egg laying in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The toxicity and addictive liability associated with cocaine abuse are well-known. However, its mode of action is not completely understood, and effective pharmacotherapeutic interventions remain elusive. The cholinergic effects of cocaine on acetylcholine receptors, synthetic enzymes, and degradative enzymes have been the focus of relatively little empirical investigation.

On the contrast dependence of crowding.

Visual clutter affects our ability to see. Objects that would be identifiable on their own may become unrecognizable when presented close together ("crowding"), but the psychophysical characteristics of crowding have resisted simplification. Image properties initially thought to produce crowding have paradoxically yielded unexpected results; for example, adding flanking objects can ameliorate crowding (Manassi, Sayim, & Herzog, 2012; Herzog, Sayim, Chcherov, & Manassi, 2015; Pachai, Doerig, & Herzog, 2016).

Correction: DLPFC transcriptome defines two molecular subtypes of schizophrenia.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

DLPFC transcriptome defines two molecular subtypes of schizophrenia.

Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia, possibly because of unrecognized heterogeneity in diagnosed patient populations. We analyzed gene expression data collected from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of post-mortem frozen brains of 189 adult diagnosed schizophrenics and 206 matched controls. Transcripts from 633 genes are differentially expressed in the DLPFC of schizophrenics as compared to controls at Bonferroni-corrected significance levels.

Dissociating frequency and animacy effects in visual word processing: An fMRI study.

In an fMRI investigation of the neural representation of word frequency and animacy, participants read high- and low-frequency words within living and nonliving semantic categories. Both temporal (left fusiform gyrus) and parietal (left supramarginal gyrus) activation patterns differentiated between animal and tool words after controlling for frequency. Activation patterns in a smaller ventral temporal region, a subset of the voxels identified in the animacy contrast, differentiated between high- and low-frequency words after controlling for animacy.

Prevalence of mild behavioral impairment in mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline, and its association with caregiver burden.

Background: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) describes later life acquired, sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in cognitively normal individuals or those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as an at-risk state for incident cognitive decline and dementia. We developed an operational definition of MBI and tested whether the presence of MBI was related to caregiver burden in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or MCI assessed at a memory clinic.

Methods: MBI was assessed in 282 consecutive memory clinic patients with SCD (n = 119) or MCI (n = 163) in accordance with the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment - Alzheimer's Association (ISTAART-AA) research diagnostic criteria.

Multivariate sensitivity to voice during auditory categorization.

Past neuroimaging studies have documented discrete regions of human temporal cortex that are more strongly activated by conspecific voice sounds than by nonvoice sounds. However, the mechanisms underlying this voice sensitivity remain unclear. In the present functional MRI study, we took a novel approach to examining voice sensitivity, in which we applied a signal detection paradigm to the assessment of multivariate pattern classification among several living and nonliving categories of auditory stimuli.

Reliability and concurrent validity of the Acti'MET calculator: A new tool to assess physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation.

Objective: We created a tool for assessing physical activity (PA), the Acti'MET calculator, to quickly estimate weekly energy expenditure. This study aimed to assess the metrological properties of the tool in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: Two examiners evaluated the reliability and concurrent validity of the tool with cardiac patients.

Improved Walking Claudication Distance with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: An Old Treatment with a New Indication in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether 45 mins of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation before exercise could delay pain onset and increase walking distance in peripheral artery disease patients.

Design: After a baseline assessment of the walking velocity that led to pain after 300 m, 15 peripheral artery disease patients underwent four exercise sessions in a random order. The patients had a 45-min transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation session with different experimental conditions: 80 Hz, 10 Hz, sham (presence of electrodes without stimulation), or control with no electrodes, immediately followed by five walking bouts on a treadmill until pain occurred.

Associations of medical comorbidity, psychosis, pain, and capacity with psychiatric hospital length of stay in geriatric inpatients with and without dementia.

Background: Geriatric psychiatry hospital beds are a limited resource. Our aim was to determine predictors of hospital length of stay (LOS) for geriatric patients with dementia admitted to inpatient psychiatric beds.

Methods: Admission and discharge data from a large urban mental health center, from 2005 to 2010 inclusive, were retrospectively analyzed.

Whole-body strength training using a Huber Motion Lab in coronary heart disease patients: safety, tolerance, fuel selection, and energy expenditure aspects and optimization.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate safety, tolerance, relative exercise intensity, and muscle substrate oxidation during sessions performed on a Huber Motion Lab in coronary heart disease patients.

Design: After an assessment of Vo2 peak, 20 coronary heart disease patients participated in two different exercises performed in random order at 40% and 70% (W40 and W70) of the maximal isometric voluntary contraction.

Results: No significant arrhythmia or abnormal blood pressure responses occurred during either session, and no muscle soreness was reported within 48 hrs posttest.

Unconscious neural processing differs with method used to render stimuli invisible.

Visual stimuli can be kept from awareness using various methods. The extent of processing that a given stimulus receives in the absence of awareness is typically used to make claims about the role of consciousness more generally. The neural processing elicited by a stimulus, however, may also depend on the method used to keep it from awareness, and not only on whether the stimulus reaches awareness.

Melody recognition revisited: influence of melodic Gestalt on the encoding of relational pitch information.

Melody recognition entails the encoding of pitch intervals between successive notes. While it has been shown that a whole melodic sequence is better encoded than the sum of its constituent intervals, the underlying reasons have remained opaque. Here, we compared listeners' accuracy in encoding the relative pitch distance between two notes (for example, C, E) of an interval to listeners accuracy under the following three modifications: (1) doubling the duration of each note (C - E -), (2) repetition of each note (C, C, E, E), and (3) adding a preceding note (G, C, E).

Telephone support oriented by accelerometric measurements enhances adherence to physical activity recommendations in noncompliant patients after a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a strategy, based on telephone support oriented by accelerometer measurements, on the adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendations in cardiac patients not achieving PA recommendations.

Design: Prospective and randomized study.

Setting: A cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) at a clinic.