Bacterial amyloid curli activates the host unfolded protein response via IRE1α in the presence of HLA-B27.

serovar Typhimurium (STm) causes gastroenteritis and can progress to reactive arthritis (ReA). STm forms biofilms in the gut that secrete the amyloid curli, which we previously demonstrated can trigger autoimmunity in mice. HLA-B27 is a genetic risk factor for ReA; activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) due to HLA-B27 misfolding is thought to play a critical role in ReA pathogenesis.

Lactate promotes the biofilm-to-invasive-planktonic transition in serovar Typhimurium via the purine pathway.

serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) infection triggers an inflammatory response that changes the concentration of metabolites in the gut impacting the luminal environment. Some of these environmental adjustments are conducive to .

Systemic exposure to bacterial amyloid curli alters the gut mucosal immune response and the microbiome, exacerbating -induced arthritis.

The biofilm-associated amyloid protein, curli, is a dominant instigator of systemic inflammation and autoimmune responses following infection. Systemic curli injections or infection of mice with Typhimurium induce the major features of reactive arthritis, an autoimmune disorder associated with infection in humans. In this study, we investigated the link between inflammation and microbiota in exacerbating autoimmunity.

Assembly of ordered DNA-curli fibril complexes during Salmonella biofilm formation correlates with strengths of the type I interferon and autoimmune responses.

Deposition of human amyloids is associated with complex human diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Amyloid proteins are also produced by bacteria. The bacterial amyloid curli, found in the extracellular matrix of both commensal and pathogenic enteric bacterial biofilms, forms complexes with extracellular DNA, and recognition of these complexes by the host immune system may initiate an autoimmune response.

Phenol-Soluble Modulins From Biofilms Form Complexes With DNA to Drive Autoimmunity.

The bacterial amyloid curli, produced by Enterobacteriales including species and , is implicated in the pathogenesis of several complex autoimmune diseases. Curli binds to extracellular DNA, and these complexes drive autoimmunity production of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies. Here, we investigated immune activation by phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), the amyloid proteins expressed by species.

Nitrate Is an Environmental Cue in the Gut for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Biofilm Dispersal through Curli Repression and Flagellum Activation via Cyclic-di-GMP Signaling.

Curli, a major component of the bacterial biofilms in the intestinal tract, activates pattern recognition receptors and triggers joint inflammation after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The factors that allow Typhimurium to disperse from biofilms and invade the epithelium to establish a successful infection during acute inflammation remain unknown. Here, we studied Typhimurium biofilms and to understand how the inflammatory environment regulates the switch between multicellular and motile Typhimurium in the gut.

Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases.

The human microbiota is the community of microorganisms that live upon or within their human host. The microbiota consists of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea; the gut microbiota is comprised mostly of bacteria. Many bacterial species within the gut microbiome grow as biofilms, which are multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Position Statement on Atopic Dermatitis in Sub-Saharan Africa: current status and roadmap.

Background: The first International Society of Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD) global meeting dedicated to atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2019. A total of 30 participants were present at the meeting, including those from 17 SSA countries, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Foundation for Dermatology (IFD) (a committee of the International League of Dermatological Societies, ILDS www.ilds.

Validation of a Long-Read PCR Assay for Sensitive Detection and Sizing of C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansions.

A hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal degeneration. Accurate determination and quantitation of the repeat length is critical in both clinical and research settings. However, because of the complexity of the C9orf72 expansion with high GC content, large size of repeats, and high rate of insertions/deletions (indels) and sequence variations in the flanking regions, molecular genetic analysis of the locus is challenging.

Assessing the effects of hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Background: Tooth bleaching is, today, one of the most widespread cosmetic treatments in dental practice,  so it is important to determine whether it can interfere with orthodontic bonding or not.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five upper bicuspids were divided into three groups (n = 15).