Sulfur Analogues of Tyrosine in the Development of Triazene Hybrid Compounds: A New Strategy against Melanoma.

Malignant melanoma is the major cause of death from skin cancer. Treatment of metastatic melanoma remains an enormous challenge. In this study we developed hybrid compounds and studied their potential use in malignant melanoma chemotherapy.

The laboratory in the multidisciplinary diagnosis of differences or disorders of sex development (DSD): I) Physiology, classification, approach, and methodologyII) Biochemical and genetic markers in 46,XX DSD.

Objectives: The development of female or male sex characteristics occurs during fetal life, when the genetic, gonadal, and internal and external genital sex is determined (female or male). Any discordance among sex determination and differentiation stages results in differences/disorders of sex development (DSD), which are classified based on the sex chromosomes found on the karyotype.

Content: This chapter addresses the physiological mechanisms that determine the development of female or male sex characteristics during fetal life, provides a general classification of DSD, and offers guidance for clinical, biochemical, and genetic diagnosis, which must be established by a multidisciplinary team.

The laboratory in the multidisciplinary diagnosis of differences or disorders of sex development (DSD): III) Biochemical and genetic markers in the 46,XYIV) Proposals for the differential diagnosis of DSD.

Objectives: 46,XY differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) involve an abnormal gonadal and/or genital (external and/or internal) development caused by lack or incomplete intrauterine virilization, with or without the presence of Müllerian ducts remnants.

Content: Useful biochemical markers for differential diagnosis of 46,XY DSD include hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormones such as luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (LH and FSH; in baseline or after LHRH stimulation conditions), the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, insulin-like 3 (INSL3), adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones (including cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone and their precursors, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol) and the pituitary ACTH hormone. Steroid hormones are measured at baseline or after stimulation with ACTH (adrenal hormones) and/or with HCG (gonadal hormones).

Reference Intervals of Thyroid Function Tests Assessed by Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry in Healthy Pregnant Women Living in Catalonia.

Background: Recent guidelines recommend establishing a local reference interval (RI) for thyroid function. We aimed to establish trimester-specific RIs for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in a cohort of healthy pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain).

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 332 healthy pregnant women, from the first trimester (1T) to delivery.

El laboratorio en el diagnóstico multidisciplinar del desarrollo sexual anómalo o diferente (DSD): III) Marcadores bioquímicos y genéticos en los 46,XY IV) Propuestas para el diagnóstico diferencial de los DSD.

Objetivos: El desarrollo sexual anómalo o diferente (DSD) con cariotipo 46,XY incluye anomalías en el desarrollo gonadal y/o genital (externo y/o interno).

Contenido: Los marcadores bioquímicos útiles para el diagnóstico diferencial de los DSD con cariotipo 46,XY incluyen las hormonas del eje hipotálamo-hipófiso gonadal como son las gonadotropinas LH y FSH (en condiciones basales o tras la estimulación con LHRH), la hormona anti-Mülleriana, la inhibina B, el factor insulinoide tipo 3 y las hormonas esteroideas de origen suprarrenal (se incluirá la hormona hipofisaria ACTH) y testicular (cortisol, aldosterona y sus precursores, testosterona y sus precursores, dihidrotestosterona y estradiol). Las hormonas esteroideas se analizarán en condiciones basales o tras la estimulación con ACTH (hormonas adrenales) y/o con HCG (hormonas testiculares).

Differential Behavior of 25(OH)D and f25(OH)D3 in Patients with Morbid Obesity After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Total 25-OH-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are decreased in patients with obesity, but few data exist regarding free-vitamin D3 (f25(OH)D3) concentrations. We aimed to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on 25(OH)D and f25(OH)D3 in a cohort of patients with morbid obesity.

Methods: Twenty-four patients submitted to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (mean age 48 years, body mass index (BMI) 48.

Prognostic Significance of Thyroglobulin Antibodies in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: To investigate whether variations in thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) are related to the recurrence or persistence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and may therefore be useful as surrogate tumor markers. . We retrospectively studied 98 subjects (83 women, 47 ± 15 years old) from an initial cohort of 1017 patients treated for DTC in five hospitals, with positive TgAb at any time during the follow-up.

Oxidative stress in endothelial cells induced by the serum of women with different clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome.

Introduction: The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and clinical manifestations of thrombosis or gestational morbidity that are associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Objective: To evaluate markers of oxidative stress in endothelial cells induced by the serum from women with different clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome, and to analyze the antioxidant capacity of the sera. Materials and methods: We included 48 women who were classified as follows: presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and clinical criteria of gestational morbidity alone, vascular thrombosis only, and gestational morbidity/vascular thrombosis.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy induces molecular changes in peripheral white blood cells.

Background & Aims: Peripheral white blood cells (PWBC) may allow for the development of obesity biomarkers. We aimed to investigate the existence of gene expression and DNA methylation changes in PWBC after a very low calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and its correlation with surgical outcomes.

Methods: From July 2013 to June 2014, 35 consecutive bariatric patients and 33 healthy lean volunteers were recruited.

Biochemical following-up of treated acromegaly. Limitations of the current determinations of IGF-I and perspective.

Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by excess growth hormone (GH) secretion leading to an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) which is the major mediator of GH action. Biochemical diagnosis of GH excess is accomplished by the combined measurement of baseline serum IGF-I concentration and the response of GH on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Several drawbacks regarding the interpretation of biochemical tests that include measurement of GH have been widely described in the literature, including different protocols for obtaining serum samples, great differences in the results obtained by different immunoassays, different cut-off points used to differentiate the normal status of the hypersecretion of GH.

Measured free 25-hydroxyvitamin D in healthy children and relationship to total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calculated free 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein.

Background: vitamin D deficiency in children is still a global health problem. Measuring free 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations could provide a better estimate of the vitamin D status than total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels.

Objective: To assess the relationship between measured free vitamin D (m-f25(OH)D) and calculated free 25(OH)D (c-f25(OH)D), total 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and other markers of phosphocalcic metabolism.

Intermittent Cooling During Judo Training in a Warm/Humid Environment Reduces Autonomic and Hormonal Impact.

Carballeira, E, Morales, J, Fukuda, DH, Granada, ML, Carratalá-Deval, V, López Díaz de Durana, A, and Stout, JR. Intermittent cooling during Judo training in a warm/humid environment reduces autonomic and hormonal impact. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2241-2250, 2019-The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of superficial cooling on physiological responses while training in a warm, humid environment during an international Judo training camp.

Development of Laboratory Investigations in Disorders of Sex Development.

Scientific knowledge to understand the biological basis of sex development was prompted by the observation of variants different from the 2 most frequent body types, and this became one of the fields first studied by modern pediatric endocrinology. The clinical observation was supported by professionals working in different areas of laboratory sciences which led to the description of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis, the enzymes involved, and the different deficiencies. Steroid hormone measurements evolved from colorimetry to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and automated immunoassays, although gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are now the gold standard techniques for steroid measurements.

Evaluation of Vitamin and Trace Element Requirements after Sleeve Gastrectomy at Long Term.

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are common after bariatric surgery, but data are scarce after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at long term.

Methods: We performed a prospective nutritional status evaluation before and at 2 and 5 years after SG in morbid obese patients receiving mulvitamin and mineral supplementation at a Spanish university hospital. One hundred seventy-six patients (49.

Chronic proton pump inhibition therapy in the diagnostic accuracy of serum pepsinogen I and gastrin concentrations to identify pernicious anaemia.

Background: Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) leads to increases in gastrin and pepsinogen-I serum concentrations.

Aim: To asses if chronic treatment with PPIs has an effect on serum gastrin and pepsinogen-I concentrations for the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia (PA).

Materials And Methods: Serum gastrin and pepsinogen-I were measured in 38 patients with PA and 74 without PA (controls); 17/38 PA patients and 36/74 controls were treated with PPIs.

A Probabilistic Model for Cushing's Syndrome Screening in At-Risk Populations: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Context: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is challenging to diagnose. Increased prevalence of CS in specific patient populations has been reported, but routine screening for CS remains questionable. To decrease the diagnostic delay and improve disease outcomes, simple new screening methods for CS in at-risk populations are needed.

Low Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Level in Obesity Nephropathy: A New Risk Factor?

Introduction: IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) is a hormone involved in cell growth and other important processes. In the kidney, IGF-1 has a stimulating effect, increasing the blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Although many experimental animal studies regarding the role of IGF-1 in the kidney have been conducted, few human studies are available in the literature.

Variability in adherence to rhGH treatment: Socioeconomic causes and effect on children's growth.

Background: In children with growth disorders, mean final height is associated to poor adherence to Growth Hormone therapy. The primary goal of this study is to identify patients who do not adhere to GH therapy and determine the influence of adherence in response to the treatment. The role of serum IGF-I and influence of socio-economic factors on the therapeutic adherence will also be evaluated.

Sodium interference in the determination of urinary aldosterone.

Objectives: Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is one of the most common endocrine forms of secondary hypertension. Among the most used confirmatory tests for PHA is urinary aldosterone determination after oral sodium loading test. The primary aim of our study was to investigate if sodium concentrations interfere with urinary aldosterone in an automated competitive immunoassay (Liaison®) as well as to verify the manufacturer's specifications.

Relationship of YKL-40 and adiponectin and subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus from a European Mediterranean population.

Background: The glycoprotein YKL-40 is a new marker of early inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Adiponectin is a collagen-like protein with anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Increased concentrations of both markers have been reported in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).