Long-lasting residual efficacy of a new indoor residual spraying product, VECTRON T500 (broflanilide), against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors and its acceptance in a community trial in Burkina Faso.

Background: The WHO Global Malaria Programme advocates for a comprehensive, strategic approach to managing insecticide resistance, highlighting the importance of using multiple insecticides with different modes of action through rotations and combinations. To slow the spread of resistance, it is essential to develop and evaluate new formulations that feature unique modes of action and extended residual effects. Addressing this need, Mitsui Chemicals Crop & Life Solutions, Inc.

Combined use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larviciding, a promising integrated approach against malaria transmission in northern Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: The recent reduction in malaria burden in Côte d'Ivoire is largely attributable to the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, this progress is threatened by insecticide resistance and behavioral changes in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.

Community evaluation of VECTRON™ T500, a broflanilide insecticide, for indoor residual spraying for malaria vector control in central Benin; a two arm non-inferiority cluster randomised trial.

VECTRON™ T500 is a wettable powder IRS formulation of broflanilide, a newly discovered insecticide. We performed a two-arm non-inferiority community randomised evaluation of VECTRON™ T500, compared to Fludora® Fusion against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l.

Investigating discriminating concentrations for monitoring susceptibility to broflanilide and cross resistance to other insecticide classes in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, using the new WHO bottle bioassay method.

Background: Broflanilide is a new insecticide being developed for malaria vector control. As new insecticide chemistries become available, strategies to preserve the susceptibility of local malaria vectors and extend their useful life need to be considered before large scale deployment. This requires the development of appropriate testing procedures and identification of suitable discriminating concentrations for monitoring susceptibility in wild vector populations to facilitate decision making by control programmes.

Small-scale field evaluation of PermaNet Dual (a long-lasting net coated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and deltamethrin) against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Tiassalé, Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: Due to the rapid expansion of pyrethroid-resistance in malaria vectors in Africa, Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management (GPIRM) has recommended the development of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), containing insecticide mixtures of active ingredients with different modes of action to mitigate resistance and improve LLIN efficacy. This good laboratory practice (GLP) study evaluated the efficacy of the chlorfenapyr and deltamethrin-coated PermaNet Dual, in comparison with the deltamethrin and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-treated PermaNet 3.0 and the deltamethrin-coated PermaNet 2.

Multi-centre discriminating concentration determination of broflanilide and potential for cross-resistance to other public health insecticides in Anopheles vector populations.

Novel insecticides are urgently needed to control insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles malaria vectors. Broflanilide acts as a non-competitive antagonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and has shown prolonged effectiveness as an indoor residual spraying product (VECTRON T500) in experimental hut trials against pyrethroid-resistant vector populations. This multi-centre study expanded upon initial discriminating concentration testing of broflanilide, using six Anopheles insectary colonies (An.

VECTRON™ T500, a new broflanilide insecticide for indoor residual spraying, provides prolonged control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors.

Background: Broflanilide is a newly discovered insecticide with a novel mode of action targeting insect γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. The efficacy of VECTRON T500, a wettable powder formulation of broflanilide, was assessed for IRS against wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in experimental huts in Benin.

Methods: VECTRON T500 was evaluated at 100 mg/m in mud and cement-walled experimental huts against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.

Efficacy of bednets with dual insecticide-treated netting (Interceptor® G2) on side and roof panels against Anopheles arabiensis in north-eastern Tanzania.

Background: Optimising insecticide use and managing insecticide resistance are important to sustain gains against malaria using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Restricting insecticides to where mosquitoes are most likely to make multiple contacts could reduce the quantity of insecticide needed to treat the nets. Previous studies have shown that nets partially treated with a pyrethroid insecticide had equivalent mortality compared to a fully treated net.

Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso.

Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products.

Strain Characterisation for Measuring Bioefficacy of ITNs Treated with Two Active Ingredients (Dual-AI ITNs): Developing a Robust Protocol by Building Consensus.

Durability monitoring of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) containing a pyrethroid in combination with a second active ingredient (AI) must be adapted so that the insecticidal bioefficacy of each AI can be monitored independently. An effective way to do this is to measure rapid knock down of a pyrethroid-susceptible strain of mosquitoes to assess the bioefficacy of the pyrethroid component and to use a pyrethroid-resistant strain to measure the bioefficacy of the second ingredient. To allow robust comparison of results across tests within and between test facilities, and over time, protocols for bioefficacy testing must include either characterisation of the resistant strain, standardisation of the mosquitoes used for bioassays, or a combination of the two.

Large-scale (Phase III) evaluation of broflanilide 50WP (VECTRON™ T500) for indoor residual spraying for malaria vector control in Northeast Tanzania: study protocol for a two-arm, non-inferiority, cluster-randomised community trial.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a major method of malaria vector control across sub-Saharan Africa. Effective control is being undermined by the rapid spread of insecticide resistance. There is major investment in development of new insecticides for IRS that possess novel modes of action, long residual activity, low mammalian toxicity and minimal cross-resistance.

Multi-site comparison of factors influencing progress of African insecticide testing facilities towards an international Quality Management System certification.

Background: Insecticidal mosquito vector control products are vital components of malaria control programmes. Test facilities are key in assessing the effectiveness of vector control products against local mosquito populations, in environments where they will be used. Data from these test facilities must be of a high quality to be accepted by regulatory authorities, including the WHO Prequalification Team for vector control products.

Assessing Anopheles vector species diversity and transmission of malaria in four health districts along the borders of Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire, limited data are available to help understand the malaria vector density and transmission dynamics in areas bordering the country. To address this gap, the Anopheles mosquito species diversity, the members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and the transmission of malaria were assessed in four health districts along the borders of Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: From July 2016 through December 2016 and July 2017 through December 2017, adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in four health districts of Côte d'Ivoire (Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods.

Ripple effects of research capacity strengthening: a study of the effects of a project to support test facilities in three African countries towards Good Laboratory Practice certification.

Strengthening capacity for public health research is essential to the generation of high-quality, reliable scientific data. This study focuses on a research capacity strengthening project supporting seven test facilities in Africa conducting studies on mosquito vector control products towards Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) certification. It captures the primary effects of the project on each facility's research capacity, the secondary effects at the individual and institutional level, and the ripple effects that extend beyond the research system.

Efficacy of indoor residual spraying with broflanilide (TENEBENAL), a novel meta-diamide insecticide, against pyrethroid-resistant anopheline vectors in northern Tanzania: An experimental hut trial.

Novel chemistry for vector control is urgently needed to counter insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Here a new meta-diamide insecticide, broflanilide (TENEBENALTM), was evaluated in East African experimental huts in Moshi, northern Tanzania. Two consecutive experimental hut trials with broflanilide 50WP were conducted; the first evaluating the efficacy of three concentrations, 50 mg/m2, 100 mg/m2, and 200 mg/m2 using a prototype formulation, and the second trial evaluating an improved formulation.

Developing laboratory capacity for Good Laboratory Practice certification: lessons from a Tanzanian insecticide testing facility.

With increasing insecticide resistance in malaria-endemic countries there is an urgent need for safe and effective novel vector control products. To improve the capacity of facilities that test insecticides in sub-Saharan Africa, a programme is supporting seven facilities towards Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) certification, the globally recognized standard for quality management system (QMS) for the conduct of non-clinical and environmental studies. The World Health Organization (WHO) GLP Handbook provides guidance on a stepwise approach to implement a GLP compliant QMS.

A testing cascade to identify repurposed insecticides for next-generation vector control tools: screening a panel of chemistries with novel modes of action against a malaria vector.

With insecticide resistance in malaria vectors spreading in geographical range and intensity, there is a need for compounds with novel modes of action to maintain the successes achieved to date by long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, used as part of an insecticide resistance management strategy. Screening existing registered pesticides, predominantly those developed for use in agriculture, may provide a more rapid and less logistically challenging route to identifying active ingredients of value to public health than screening and chemical synthesis programmes for novel compounds. Insecticides and acaricides from all IRAC classes, including those with unclassified modes of action, were assessed for inclusion in a laboratory bioassay testing cascade against adult female mosquitoes.

The soil ecotoxicology of 1,3-dichloropropene under commercial growing conditions.

Soil fumigants are used extensively in the protection of crops against parasitic nematodes and other soil borne pests. The active ingredient in Telone II soil fumigant is 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) which has a wide range of uses in Europe as a pre-plant nematocide. During the use of soil fumigants such as 1,3-D a range of non-target soil dwelling organisms has the potential to be exposed and impacted.

The role of agricultural use of insecticides in resistance to pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Burkina Faso.

Agricultural use of insecticides is involved in the selection of resistance to these compounds in field populations of mosquitoes in Burkina Faso. Anopheles gambiae s.l.

Purification, molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a glutathione S-transferase involved in insecticide resistance from the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

A novel glutathione S-transferase (GST)-based pyrethroid resistance mechanism was recently identified in Nilaparvata lugens [Vontas, Small and Hemingway (2001) Biochem. J. 357, 65-72].