A case of mycotic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm after bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer and a review of the literature.

A 69-year-old patient presented with a 9-month history of constitutional symptoms and a 3-week history of increasing abdominal and back pain. He had a history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer 9 months earlier. An infrarenal mycotic aneurysm was detected by positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

Young Adult Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke: the role of paradoxical embolism and thrombophilia (The YAMIS Study).

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the frequency of venous-to-arterial circulation shunts (v-aCS), usually caused by patent foramen ovale (PFO), and thrombophilia in young adults suffering myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS) and matched healthy control subjects.

Background: The cause of MI and IS in young adults is often uncertain, and paradoxical embolism might be more frequent than previously thought.

Methods: Young adults (ages 16 to 39 years) surviving MI (n = 101) and IS (n = 101) between 1993 and 1998 were matched by age and gender to 202 control subjects from the same general practitioner practices.

Rupture of axillary artery and neuropraxis as complications of recurrent traumatic shoulder dislocation: case report.

Gleno-humeral dislocations are frequent, but associated complete transection of the axillary artery has only been reported sporadically. We present a case of complete rupture of the axillary artery associated with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, followed by a discussion of the likely mechanisms and the key learning points.

Cerebral emboli and paradoxical embolisation in dementia: a pilot study.

Background: The causes of the common dementias remain unknown. Paradoxical embolisation of the cerebral circulation by venous thrombi passing through venous to arterial shunts (v-aCS) in the heart or pulmonary circulation is known to occur in cryptogenic stroke and post-operative confusion following hip replacement.

Objectives: To explore the role of paradoxical embolisation in dementia by investigating for cerebral emboli, venous to arterial circulation shunt (v-aCS) and carotid artery disease.

Are spontaneous cerebral microemboli consistent in carotid disease?

Background And Purpose: Transcranial Doppler may be used to detect spontaneous cerebral emboli (SCE), but this information will only identify at-risk patients if these individuals are consistently identified over time. We investigated the consistency of SCE production in patients with symptomatic carotid disease.

Methods: Transcranial Doppler signals from the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery in 25 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis of >70% were recorded over 1 hour for blind analysis by a panel of trained observers.