Biparametric Quantitative MRI for Prostate Cancer Detection.

Objectives: This study sought to prospectively investigate a novel quantitative biparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol to detect prostate cancer (PCa) in biopsy-naïve men. Secondarily, this study reports the accuracy of fractional order calculus (FROC) diffusion and quantitative T2 compared with the Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS).

Methods: This prospective pilot study (NCT04175730) enrolled 50 prostate biopsy-naïve men who met eligibility criteria.

Measuring Quality of Life Following Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most common solid organ malignancy in men. Fortunately, at the time of diagnosis, the majority of cases are staged as localized or regional disease, conferring excellent 5- and 10-year cure rates. There are several first line treatment options including surgical approaches such as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and radiation therapy (RT) available to patients with localized disease that offer similar PCa oncologic outcomes but are associated with potentially significant side effects which may impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL) domains.

Tracked Foley catheter for motion compensation during fusion image-guided prostate procedures: a phantom study.

Background: Uncorrected patient or prostate motion may impair targeting prostate areas during fusion image-guided procedures. We evaluated if a prototype "tracked Foley catheter" (TFC) could maintain fusion image alignment after simulated organ motion.

Methods: A pelvic phantom model underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the prostate was segmented.

Pylephlebitis treated with apixaban.

Pylephlebitis is a rare condition that is characterized by an infected thrombus of the portal vein system and was traditionally associated with a high mortality rate prior to the introduction of antibiotics. This report details a 77-year-old Chinese male found to have a splenic vein thrombosis, bacteremia, and a polymicrobial splenic abscess. The patient was treated with abscess drainage and a 6 week course of intravenous antibiotics, and a direct oral anticoagulant, apixaban 2.

Use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and fusion-guided biopsies to properly select and follow African-American men on active surveillance.

Objectives: To determine the rate of Gleason Grade Group (GGG) upgrading in African-American (AA) men with a prior diagnosis of low-grade prostate cancer (GGG 1 or GGG 2) on 12-core systematic biopsy (SB) after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and fusion biopsy (FB); and whether AA men who continued active surveillance (AS) after mpMRI and FB fared differently than a predominantly Caucasian (non-AA) population.

Patients And Methods: A database of men who had undergone mpMRI and FB was queried to determine rates of upgrading by FB amongst men deemed to be AS candidates based on SB prior to referral. After FB, Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for AA men and non-AA men who then elected AS.

mpMRI preoperative staging in men treated with antiandrogen and androgen deprivation therapy before robotic prostatectomy.

Introduction: Using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), we sought to preoperatively characterize prostate cancer (PCa) in the setting of antiandrogen plus androgen deprivation therapy (AA-ADT) prior to robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We present our preliminary findings regarding mpMRI depiction of changes of disease staging features and lesion appearance in treated prostate.

Methods: Prior to RARP, men received 6 months of enzalutamide and goserelin.

Predicting Gleason Group Progression for Men on Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance: Role of a Negative Confirmatory Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy.

Purpose: Active surveillance has gained acceptance as an alternative to definitive therapy in many men with prostate cancer. Confirmatory biopsies to assess the appropriateness of active surveillance are routinely performed and negative biopsies are regarded as a favorable prognostic indicator. We sought to determine the prognostic implications of negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound guided fusion biopsy consisting of extended sextant, systematic biopsy plus multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging guided targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.

Lymph node imaging in testicular cancer.

Testicular cancer is a rare malignancy mainly affecting young men. Survival for testicular cancer remains high due to the effectiveness of multimodal treatment options. Accurate imaging is imperative to both treatment and follow-up.

Lymph node imaging of pediatric renal and suprarenal malignancies.

Pediatric renal and suprarenal cancers are relatively rare malignancies, but are not without significant consequence to both the patient and caretakers. These tumors are often found incidentally and present as large abdominal masses. Standard of care management involves surgical excision of the mass, but contemporary treatment guidelines advocate for use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced stage disease, such as those cases with lymph node involvement (LNI).

Comparison of Elastic and Rigid Registration during Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Multi-Operator Phantom Study.

Purpose: The relative value of rigid or elastic registration during magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion guided prostate biopsy has been poorly studied. We compared registration errors (the distance between a region of interest and fiducial markers) between rigid and elastic registration during fusion guided prostate biopsy using a prostate phantom model.

Materials And Methods: Four gold fiducial markers visible on magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound were placed throughout 1 phantom prostate model.

Added Value of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Clinical Nomograms for Predicting Adverse Pathology in Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: We examined the additional value of preoperative prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound/multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging fusion guided targeted biopsy when performed in combination with clinical nomograms to predict adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: We identified all patients who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging prior to fusion biopsy and radical prostatectomy. The Partin and the MSKCC (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) preradical prostatectomy nomograms were applied to estimate the probability of organ confined disease, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node involvement using transrectal ultrasound guided systematic biopsy and transrectal ultrasound/multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging fusion guided targeted biopsy Gleason scores.

Follow-up of negative MRI-targeted prostate biopsies: when are we missing cancer?

Introduction: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has improved clinicians' ability to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Combining or fusing these images with the real-time imaging of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) allows urologists to better sample lesions with a targeted biopsy (Tbx) leading to the detection of greater rates of csPCa and decreased rates of low-risk PCa. In this review, we evaluate the technical aspects of the mpMRI-guided Tbx procedure to identify possible sources of error and provide clinical context to a negative Tbx.

"Super-active surveillance": MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy and ablation for less invasive management of prostate cancer.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has allowed clinicians to better visualize and target suspicious lesions during biopsy. Targeted prostate biopsies give a more accurate representation of the true cancer volume and stage so that appropriate treatment or active surveillance can be selected. Advances in technology have led to the development of MRI and ultrasound fusion platforms used for targeted biopsies, monitoring cancer progression, and more recently for the application of focal therapy.

New therapies in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treatment.

Introduction: Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains a very challenging disease to treat with high rates of recurrence and progression associated with current therapies. Recent technological and biological advances have led to the development of novel agents in NMIBC therapy.

Methods: We reviewed existing literature as well as currently active and recently completed clinical trials in NMIBC by querying PubMed.