Adaptive Route Memory Sequences for Insect-Inspired Visual Route Navigation.

Visual navigation is a key capability for robots and animals. Inspired by the navigational prowess of social insects, a family of insect-inspired route navigation algorithms-familiarity-based algorithms-have been developed that use stored panoramic images collected during a training route to subsequently derive directional information during route recapitulation. However, unlike the ants that inspire them, these algorithms ignore the sequence in which the training images are acquired so that all temporal information/correlation is lost.

Exploring physical activity in people after stroke: a substudy of the Falls After Stroke Trial.

Purpose: The Falls After Stroke Trial (FAST) intervention involves habit-forming functional exercise and mobility practice which may increase physical activity. This substudy of FAST explores physical activity in community-dwelling people after stroke comparing the FAST intervention to usual care.

Methods: This study used a subset of 49 participants from a randomised trial.

Entrustable Professional Activities in endocrine surgery: A national pilot study.

Introduction: The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons drafted Entrustable Professional Activities for Comprehensive Endocrine Surgery to assess trainees in core topics.

Methods: Fourteen Entrustable Professional Activities were defined. There were 10 "core" Entrustable Professional Activities, with 6 having 3 phases (pre-, intra-, and postoperative) and 4 having a single phase.

Investigating the Limits of Familiarity-Based Navigation.

Insect-inspired navigation strategies have the potential to unlock robotic navigation in power-constrained scenarios, as they can function effectively with limited computational resources. One such strategy, familiarity-based navigation, has successfully navigated a robot along routes of up to 60 m using a single-layer neural network trained with an Infomax learning rule. Given the small size of the network that effectively encodes the route, here we investigate the limits of this method, challenging it to navigate longer routes, investigating the relationship between performance, view acquisition rate and dimension, network size, and robustness to noise.

Accuracy of MRI in detecting seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic test accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).

Methods: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Cochrane databases were search up to May 2023. We included studies that investigated the accuracy of mpMRI in detecting SVI when compared to radical prostatectomy specimens as the reference standard.

Promoting social-inclusion: Adapting and refining a school participation and connectedness intervention for neurodiverse children in UK primary schools.

Background: Education systems on an international basis have experienced an increase of neurodiverse students in mainstream schools. Such students can experience a deficit in school connectedness which restricts inclusive participation. In My Shoes is an intervention programme developed in Australia to support the inclusion of pupils with autism in primary school settings.

Cognitive processing speed improvement after cochlear implantation.

Background: Untreated hearing loss has an effect on cognition. It is hypothesized that the additional processing required to compensate for the sensory loss affects the cognitive resources available for other tasks and that this could be mitigated by a hearing device.

Methods: The impact on cognition of cochlear implants (CIs) was tested in 100 subjects, ≥60 years old, with bilateral moderately-severe to profound post linguistic deafness using hearing aids.

A systematic review of self-regulation measures in children: Exploring characteristics and psychometric properties.

Self-regulation, which encompasses cognitive, behavioural, and emotional domains, poses challenges in consistent measurement due to diverse definitions and conceptual complexities. In recognition of its profound impact on long-term mental health and wellbeing in children, this systematic review examined available self-regulation measures for children and young people between 1 and 18 years of age. The systematic review followed the COSMIN taxonomy and reported on the measurement tools' characteristics and psychometric properties.

Determination of microplastics in sediment, water, and fish across the Orange-Senqu River basin.

Microplastics are increasingly recognised as posing a significant environmental threat across systems. Their pervasive presence in freshwater poses a serious concern, given the heavy reliance of both humans and biodiversity on healthy, functioning freshwater ecosystems. Acknowledgment of the potential risks led the transboundary Orange-Senqu River Commission (ORASECOM) to include sampling for microlitter (primarily microplastics) in riverine sediment, surface water, and fishes, across Southern Africa as part of the third Joint Basin Survey (JBS3) in 2021.

Future considerations for implementation and impact of community narrative initiatives.

In response to communities where individuals experience both disproportionate numbers of Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other health inequities, narrative change has emerged as a powerful tool to change how ACEs are viewed and addressed by communities. The special issue presents a set of papers examining efforts to use narrative change to address ACEs. In this commentary, we offer reflections on the introduction and three articles of the special issue and point to future considerations for implementation and impact of community narrative initiatives.

High throughput screening of airway constriction in mouse lung slices.

The level of airway constriction in thin slices of lung tissue is highly variable. Owing to the labor-intensive nature of these experiments, determining the number of airways to be analyzed in order to allocate a reliable value of constriction in one mouse is challenging. Herein, a new automated device for physiology and image analysis was used to facilitate high throughput screening of airway constriction in lung slices.

Music Across Generations: Exploring Intergenerational First Nations Musical Practices as Cultural Determinants of Health.

This article reports on promising pilot research which indicates that intergenerational musical practices in diverse First Nations families and communities in Vanuatu and Australia can shape cultural determinants of health (CDoH). We contend that such strength- and culture-based approaches to health promotion may help to disrupt colonial and deficit constructions of First Nations People and our health and wellbeing. The pilot study used Indigenist yarning which prioritized First Nations ideas, concepts, and knowledges during informal and relational semi-structured interviews with 9 diverse First Nations musicians in Australia and Vanuatu.

Clinical course of atypical parathyroid neoplasm with soft tissue extension.

Background And Objectives: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system defines atypical parathyroid neoplasia (APN) as tumor in situ (Tis) and reserves the definition of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) to parathyroid tumor with invasion into surrounding structures. Because the parathyroid gland has no true capsule, "extension" with APN versus microscopic "invasion" of surrounding soft tissue can be difficult and confusing for clinicians. We aimed to determine the clinical course of atypical parathyroid neoplasm with and without soft tissue extension and parathyroid carcinoma with only soft tissue invasion (pT1) and to report the outcomes.

Estimating orientation in natural scenes: A spiking neural network model of the insect central complex.

The central complex of insects contains cells, organised as a ring attractor, that encode head direction. The 'bump' of activity in the ring can be updated by idiothetic cues and external sensory information. Plasticity at the synapses between these cells and the ring neurons, that are responsible for bringing sensory information into the central complex, has been proposed to form a mapping between visual cues and the heading estimate which allows for more accurate tracking of the current heading, than if only idiothetic information were used.

The network is more important than the node: stereo-EEG evidence of neurocognitive networks in epilepsy.

Introduction: Neuropsychological assessment forms an integral part of the presurgical evaluation for patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy. Our understanding of cognitive impairment in epilepsy is based on seminal lesional studies that have demonstrated important structure-function relationships within the brain. However, a growing body of literature demonstrating heterogeneity in the cognitive profiles of patients with focal epilepsy (e.

Factors impacting outcomes of cochlear implantation in children at two University centres in China: Multi-year analysis from the Paediatric Implanted Recipient Observational Study (P-IROS).

Objectives: To identify factors affecting functional hearing performance and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in paediatric cochlear implantation (CI) recipients at two University centres in mainland China.

Methods: Two university centres in mainland China, part of the prospective longitudinal Paediatric Implanted Recipient Observational Study (P-IROS), contributed participant data. Participants were aged under 10 years at time of CI.

Optimising Extracellular Vesicle Metabolomic Methodology for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery.

Conventional diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa), such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), digital rectal examination (DRE), and tissue biopsy face, limitations in individual risk stratification due to invasiveness or reliability issues. Liquid biopsy is a less invasive and more accurate alternative. Metabolomic analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) holds a promise for detecting non-genetic alterations and biomarkers in PCa diagnosis and risk assessment.