Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ) and Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine (AChSHM) for the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) clinical guidelines on the management of erectile dysfunction.

Introduction: These clinical practice recommendations by the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ) and the Australasian Chapter of Sexual Health Medicine (AChSHM) for the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) provide evidence-based clinical guidelines on the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Australia.

Main Recommendations: A comprehensive clinical history and a tailored physical examination are essential (Level of evidence [LoE] 3; GRADE B). Laboratory testing should include fasting glucose, lipid profile and total testosterone level (LoE 3; GRADE A).

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 and Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an STI, is reported to be highly prevalent in Indigenous communities in Central Australia. HTLV-1 is an incurable, chronic infection which can cause Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with limited treatment options.

Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe): The Study Protocol of an Uncontrolled Feasibility Study of Novel Nicotine Replacement Products among People Living with HIV Who Smoke.

Smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), who have high rates of tobacco smoking. Vaporised nicotine products (VNPs) are growing in popularity as a quit aid and harm reduction tool. However, little is known about their acceptability and use among PLHIV.

Brief Report: Long-term Outcomes and Their Determinants in Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Ethiopia, 2005/6-2011/12: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in many resource-limited settings have expanded treatment toward universal access. Ethiopia is one of the countries that has been scaling up ART toward universal access, but with very few data on long-term outcomes and their determinants. The objective of this study was to identify the level of long-term outcomes and their determinants in patients on ART in Ethiopia.

Prevention and control of sexually transmissible infections among hotel-based female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background: Hotel-based sex workers in Bangladesh have high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), high client turnover and low condom use. Two monthly clinic-based strategies were compared: periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) and enhanced syndromic management (ESM) - one round of presumptive treatment followed by treatment based on assessment and laboratory tests.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial compared PPT and ESM by prevalence and incidence, behaviour, retention, cost and STI incidence and prevalence.

Genital ulcer disease in India: etiologies and performance of current syndrome guidelines.

Background: In India, genital ulcer disease (GUD) syndrome is clinically classified as herpetic or nonherpetic and managed accordingly; laboratory support is unavailable at most health facilities. We undertook a study to determine the etiology of GUDs in men presenting to sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics and assess the performance of the national algorithm for syndromic management of herpetic and nonherpetic GUDs in India.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among men with complaints of genital ulcers attending 8 STI clinics in 4 states.

Periodic presumptive treatment of curable sexually transmitted infections among sex workers: a systematic review.

Background: Unprotected sex work remains a major driver of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) epidemics in many countries. STI treatment can lower disease burden, complications and prevalence of HIV cofactors. Periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) has been used with sex workers to reduce their high burden of largely asymptomatic STIs.

Falling through the cracks: contraceptive needs of female sex workers in Cambodia and Laos.

Background: Condom is the only method promoted for dual protection among female sex workers (FSWs) in most Asian countries, which may be insufficient to prevent pregnancies given FSWs' high frequency of sexual intercourse.

Study Design: Data were obtained from independent cross-sectional surveillance surveys conducted in Cambodia and Laos. Random samples of FSWs provided behavioral information.

Large-scale STI services in Avahan improve utilization and treatment seeking behaviour amongst high-risk groups in India: an analysis of clinical records from six states.

Background: Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative, implemented a large HIV prevention programme across six high HIV prevalence states amongst high risk groups consisting of female sex workers, high risk men who have sex with men, transgenders and injecting drug users in India. Utilization of the clinical services, health seeking behaviour and trends in syndromic diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections amongst these populations were measured using the individual tracking data.

Methods: The Avahan clinical monitoring system included individual tracking data pertaining to clinical services amongst high risk groups.

Simultaneous use of multiple condoms among male Cambodian military personnel visiting female sex workers.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of simultaneous use of multiple condoms (SUMC) and identify the characteristics of the multiple condoms users.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey among military men from a purposively selected Cambodian military region. Military men were interviewed face to face.

On-site rapid antenatal syphilis screening with an immunochromatographic strip improves case detection and treatment in rural South African clinics.

Objectives: Congenital syphilis is a significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In South Africa, rural clinics perform antenatal screening offsite, but unreliable transport and poor client follow up impede effective treatment. We compared 3 syphilis screening strategies at rural clinics: on-site rapid plasma reagin (RPR), on-site treponemal immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test, and the standard practice offsite RPR with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (RPR/TPHA).

Efforts to Control Sexually Transmitted Infections As a Means to Limit HIV Transmission: What Is the Evidence?

There is overwhelming and compelling evidence that control efforts for sexually transmitted infection (STI) have a major role to play in the prevention of HIV transmission. Community-based randomized controlled trials are set as the highest standard of evidence for showing the efficacy of STI interventions to prevent HIV transmission. The negative results of recent randomized controlled trials have cast doubt on the positive findings of the Mwanza study.

Sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Kupang, Indonesia: searching for a screening algorithm to detect cervical gonococcal and chlamydial infections.

Background And Goal: Notifications of HIV infection in Indonesia are increasing, but there are few data on other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially in the eastern islands of Indonesia. We aimed to measure the prevalence of STIs among female sex workers (FSWs) in Kupang, West Timor, and to develop screening algorithms to detect cervical infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis (NG/CT).

Study Design: During 6 months in 1999, we recruited all the FSWs at Kupang's only brothel complex and a smaller number of independent FSWs.