Associations between intraindividual variability in weekday-weekend sleep timing and duration and eating disorder pathology.

Sleep disruptions may be risk factors for eating disorder symptoms. However, mean estimates of sleep characteristics may not be ideal metrics, considering many individuals have irregular sleep patterns. Although variability in sleep-wake timing is associated with irregular eating patterns among individuals with eating disorders (Linnaranta et al.

The Psychometric Performance of State Mindfulness Scales Around Sitting and Walking on Desert Trails: A Pilot Study.

State mindfulness is a dynamic construct reflecting current mindfulness, or purposeful attention to the present moment with openness, non-judgment, non-reactivity, and acceptance. Despite its popularity and research in psychology and medicine, measuring state mindfulness remains a challenge. Validity and reliability of the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) and State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) in applied settings like nature require more data to be established.

Circadian biology of cardiac aging.

The age of the U.S. population is increasing alongside a growing burden of age-related cardiovascular disease.

Exercise in a natural environment increases program compliance in people with chronic migraine: A pilot cross-over randomized trial.

Adverse side effects from pharmacological treatments cause people with migraine to delay or avoid taking medication. Exercise is effective, but the effect of environment is unknown. The purpose was to determine if a natural environment affects monthly migraine load.

Social jet lag impairs exercise volume and attenuates physiological and metabolic adaptations to voluntary exercise training.

Social jet lag (SJL) is a misalignment between sleep and wake times on workdays and free days. SJL leads to chronic circadian rhythm disruption and may affect nearly 70% of the general population, leading to increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This study investigated the effects of SJL on metabolic health, exercise performance, and exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations in mice.

Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on the Physiological Response to Woodsmoke and Exercise.

Objective: To evaluate sleep deprivation effects on the acute physiological response to a combined stressor of woodsmoke and exercise.

Methods: Ten participants completed two exercise trials (8 hours of sleep vs 4 hours) with woodsmoke. Trials were conducted in a crossover design.

Assessing the Validity of Several Heart Rate Monitors in Wearable Technology While Mountain Biking.

Purpose: This study sought to assess the validity of several heart rate (HR) monitors in wearable technology during mountain biking (MTB), compared to the Polar H7® HR monitor, used as the criterion device.

Methods: A total of 20 participants completed two MTB trials while wearing six HR monitors (5 test devices, 1 criterion). HR was recorded on a second-by-second basis for all devices analyzed.

Effects of time-restricted exercise on activity rhythms and exercise-induced adaptations in the heart.

Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including cardiovascular function and metabolism. Exercise provokes numerous beneficial adaptations in heart, including physiological hypertrophy, and serves to shift circadian rhythms. This study investigated the impact of time-restricted exercise training on exercise-induced adaptations in the heart and locomotor activity rhythms.

Time of Day and Chronotype-Dependent Synchrony Effects Exercise-Induced Reduction in Migraine Load: A Pilot Cross-Over Randomized Trial.

Migraines are the most common cause of chronic pain. Effective, non-pharmacological strategies to reduce migraine load, like exercise, are needed, but it is unclear how exercise timing and chronotype modulate the effects. We sought to determine the effects of time-of-day of exercise, and synchrony with one's chronotype, on migraine load.

Chronotype and Social Jetlag Influence Performance and Injury during Reserve Officers' Training Corps Physical Training.

Sleep and circadian rhythms are critically important for optimal physical performance and maintaining health during training. Chronotype and altered sleep may modulate the response to exercise training, especially when performed at specific times/days, which may contribute to musculoskeletal injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if cadet characteristics (chronotype, sleep duration, and social jetlag) were associated with injury incidence and inflammation during physical training.

Effects of Acute Beta-Alanine Ingestion and Immersion-Plus-Exercise on Connectedness to Nature and Perceived Pain.

This double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study examined the effect of induced painful sensation (via acute Beta Alanine (B-ALA) ingestion) on Love and Care of Nature (LCN), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) during outdoor exercise. Twenty participants volunteered on consecutive days to complete a 0.8 km (0.

Impact of Nutrition-Based Interventions on Athletic Performance during Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review.

Despite the steady increase in female participation in sport over the last two decades, comprehensive research on interventions attenuating the influence of female menstrual physiology on performance remains scarce. Studies involving eumenorrheic women often only test in one menstrual phase to limit sex hormone variance, which may restrict the application of these findings to the rest of the menstrual cycle. The impacts of nutrition-based interventions on athletic performance throughout the menstrual cycle have not been fully elucidated.

Circadian Rhythms in Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Review.

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a serious public health issue caused by the cessation of cardiac electrical and mechanical activity. Despite advances in pedestrian lifesaving technologies like defibrillators, the SCA mortality rate remains high, and survivors are at risk of suffering ischemic injury to various organs. Understanding the contributing factors for SCA is essential for improving morbidity and mortality.

Diurnal, metabolic and thermogenic alterations in a murine model of accelerated aging.

Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice exhibit characteristics of premature aging, including hair loss, cognitive dysfunction, reduced physical activity, impaired metabolic homeostasis, cardiac dysfunction and reduced lifespan. Interestingly, circadian disruption can induce or augment many of these same pathologies. Moreover, previous studies have reported that SAMP8 mice exhibit abnormalities in circadian wheel-running behavior, indicating possible alterations in circadian clock function.

Validity and Reliability of Three Commercially Available Smart Sports Bras during Treadmill Walking and Running.

A variety of wearable technology devices report heart rate. Heart rate sensing smart bras are manufactured for females who participate in activity, however accuracy has not been determined. The purpose was to determine the validity of heart rate measures in three commercially available sports bras during walking and running.

Effects of Acute Dietary Polyphenols and Post-Meal Physical Activity on Postprandial Metabolism in Adults with Features of the Metabolic Syndrome.

Approximately 22% of U.S. adults and 25% of adults globally have metabolic syndrome (MetS).

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing.

Background In this Position Statement, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the literature pertinent to nutritional considerations for training and racing in single-stage ultra-marathon. Recommendations for Training. i) Ultra-marathon runners should aim to meet the caloric demands of training by following an individualized and periodized strategy, comprising a varied, food-first approach; ii) Athletes should plan and implement their nutrition strategy with sufficient time to permit adaptations that enhance fat oxidative capacity; iii) The evidence overwhelmingly supports the inclusion of a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet (i.

Adult skeletal muscle deletion of Mitofusin 1 and 2 impedes exercise performance and training capacity.

Endurance exercise has been shown to be a positive regulator of skeletal muscle metabolic function. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) have been shown to influence mitochondrial oxidative capacity. We therefore tested whether genetic disruption of mitofusins (Mfns) affected exercise performance in adult skeletal muscle.

Differential tissue response to growth hormone in mice.

Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to act directly on multiple tissues throughout the body. Historically, it was believed that GH acted directly in the liver and only indirectly in other tissues via insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF-1). Despite extensive work to describe GH action in individual tissues, a comparative analysis of acute GH signaling in key metabolic tissues has not been performed.

Metabolic Origins of Heart Failure.

For more than half a century, metabolic perturbations have been explored in the failing myocardium, highlighting a reversion to a more fetal-like metabolic profile (characterized by depressed fatty acid oxidation and concomitant increased reliance on glucose utilization). More recently, alterations in ketone body and amino acid/protein metabolism have been described during heart failure, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbed metabolic signaling (e.g.

Genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock differentially influences insulin-mediated processes in the heart.

Cardiovascular physiology exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations, which are mediated by both extrinsic (e.g., environment/behavior) and intrinsic (e.

Circadian regulation of metabolic homeostasis: causes and consequences.

Robust circadian rhythms in metabolic processes have been described in both humans and animal models, at the whole body, individual organ, and even cellular level. Classically, these time-of-day-dependent rhythms have been considered secondary to fluctuations in energy/nutrient supply/demand associated with feeding/fasting and wake/sleep cycles. Renewed interest in this field has been fueled by studies revealing that these rhythms are driven, at least in part, by intrinsic mechanisms and that disruption of metabolic synchrony invariably increases the risk of cardiometabolic disease.

Biotinylation: a novel posttranslational modification linking cell autonomous circadian clocks with metabolism.

Circadian clocks are critical modulators of metabolism. However, mechanistic links between cell autonomous clocks and metabolic processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report that expression of the biotin transporter slc5a6 gene is decreased in hearts of two distinct genetic mouse models of cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock disruption [i.

Comparative adaptations in oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers in a low voluntary wheel running rat model performing three levels of physical activity.

A unique polygenic model of rat physical activity has been recently developed where rats were selected for the trait of low voluntary wheel running. We utilized this model to identify differences in soleus and plantaris muscles of sedentary low voluntary wheel running rats and physically active low voluntary wheel running rats exposed to moderate amounts of treadmill training. Three groups of 28-day-old male Wistar rats were used: (1) rats without a running wheel (SEDENTARY, n = 7), (2) rats housed with a running wheel (WHEEL, n = 7), and (3) rats housed with a running wheel and exercised on the treadmill (5 days/week for 20 min/day at 15.

Cardioprotective HIF-1α-frataxin signaling against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Previous studies have demonstrated the protective signaling of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 α against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. In the present study, we provide further evidence for a cardioprotective mechanism by HIF-1α against I/R injury exerted via the mitochondrial protein frataxin, which regulates mitochondrial Fe-S cluster formation. Disruption of frataxin has been found to induce mitochondrial iron overload and subsequent ROS production.