Exploring Congruence Between Patient and Clinician Expectations of Benefit in the Non-Surgical Management of Common Musculoskeletal Conditions in Tertiary Care.

Background: Patient and clinician expectations of benefit from recommended management approaches may potentially impact the success of managing musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods: This was a multisite study in an advanced practice musculoskeletal service across Queensland, Australia. Relationships between patient and clinician (advanced physiotherapy practitioner) expectations of benefit, patient characteristics, and clinical outcome recorded 6 months later were explored with regression analysis in 619 patients undergoing non-surgical multidisciplinary care for either knee osteoarthritis (n = 286), low back pain (n = 249) or shoulder impingement syndrome (n = 84).

Formula-led methods using first morning fasting spot urine to assess usual salt intake: a secondary analysis of PURE study data.

Objectives: Observational studies that assess the relationship between salt intake and long-term outcomes require a valid estimate of usual salt intake. The gold-standard measure in individuals is sodium excretion in multiple nonconsecutive 24-h urines. Multiple studies have demonstrated that random spot urine samples are not valid for estimating usual salt intake; however, some researchers believe that fasting morning spot urine samples produce a better measure of usual salt intake than random spot samples.

Blood Pressure-Lowering Medications, Sodium Reduction, and Blood Pressure.

Background: Both blood pressure-lowering medication and sodium reduction are effective in hypertension control, but whether the effect of sodium reduction differ across blood pressure-lowering medications is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the dose-response effect of sodium intake reduction on blood pressure in treated hypertensive individuals and the impact of different classes of blood pressure-lowering drugs.

Methods: We searched multiple databases and reference lists up to July 9, 2024.

Outcomes of sugar reduction policies, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Poor diets are the major cause of death and disease globally, driving high levels of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Cheap, heavily marketed, ultra-processed, energy-dense and nutrient-poor food and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt play a major role. The high-sugar content of these products leads to consumption levels much higher than recommended.

Salt reduction policy for out of home sectors: a supplementary document for the salt reduction strategy to prevent and control non-communicable diseases (NCDS) in Malaysia 2021-2025.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of death among Malaysians. Reduction of salt intake in populations is one of the most cost-effective strategies in the prevention of CVDs. It is very feasible as it requires low cost for implementation and yet could produce a positive impact on health.

Perceptions, barriers and enablers on salt reduction in the out-of-home sectors in Malaysia (MySaltOH) from the perspective of street food vendors, caterers and consumers.

Objective: To explore the perspectives, barriers and enablers on salt reduction in out-of-home sectors in Malaysia among street food vendors, caterers and consumers.

Design: A qualitative study involving twenty-two focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews was conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive thematic analysis approach was employed to analyse the data.

Effect of home cook interventions for salt reduction in China: cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of salt reduction interventions designed for home cooks and family members.

Design: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Six provinces in northern, central, and southern China from 15 October 2018 to 30 December 2019.

Consumption of Soft Drinks and Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescents in 107 Countries and Regions.

Importance: Soft drink consumption is associated with weight gain in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association between soft drink consumption and prevalence of the overweight and obesity in adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the association of soft drink consumption with overweight and obesity in adolescents enrolled in school (hereafter, school-going adolescents) using country-level and individual-level data.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from 3 cross-sectional studies including 107 countries and regions that participated in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009-2017), the European Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study (2017-2018), and the US Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2019).

Comprehensive workplace intervention for cancer prevention in China (WECAN): protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death across the globe with the majority of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Evidence has shown that the cancer burden can be substantially reduced by avoiding behavioural risk factors through comprehensive intervention strategies, including workplace health promotion, which has shown to be cost-effective in developed countries while rarely conducted in developing countries. This study aims to explore a feasible and sustainable approach to the prevention and control of cancer in China by developing an evidence-based comprehensive workplace health model equipped with a smartphone application for implementation.

Comment on Hogas et al. Salt, Not Always a Cardiovascular Enemy? A Mini-Review and Modern Perspective. 2022, , 1175.

Hogas et al. recently published their perspective on dietary salt in a mini review [..

Reducing daily salt intake in China by 1 g could prevent almost 9 million cardiovascular events by 2030: a modelling study.

Introduction: In China, salt intake is among the highest in the world (~11 g/day) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 40% of deaths. We estimated the potential impact of reducing salt intake on CVD events in China, via systolic blood pressure (SBP).

Methods: To develop our model, we extracted the effect of salt reduction on SBP from a meta-regression of randomised trials and a population study, and that of SBP on CVD risk from pooled cohort studies.

24-hour sodium and potassium excretion in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretions in the Americas.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed seeking for studies conducted between 1990 and 2021 in adults living in any sovereign state of the Americas in Medline, Embase, Scopus, SciELO, and Lilacs. The search was first run on October 26, 2020 and was updated on December 15, 2021.

Spot urinary sodium to monitor relative changes in population salt intake during the UK salt reduction programme.

Objectives: The most accurate method to measure population salt intake is to collect the complete 24-h urinary sodium excretion (24-h UNa) but it is resource intensive and is rarely carried out frequently. We, therefore, assessed the use of spot urinary sodium concentration to monitor relative changes in population salt intake in between 24-h urine surveys.

Methods: We used 24-h (n = 2020) and spot urine (n = 21 711) samples drawn from adult participants in separate, cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys in England, repeated between 2006 and 2014.

Socioeconomic status and dietary sodium intake in children from 2008 to 2019 in the UK.

Background: Little is known whether children's sodium intake is affected by the national salt reduction programme in the United Kingdom (UK), particularly in relation to socioeconomic groups. We aimed to assess the trend of sodium intake among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds in the UK, from 2008-2009 to 2018-2019.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional analyses of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey in children aged 4-18 years.

Delayed Finalization of Sodium Targets in the United States May Cost Over 250 000 Lives by 2031.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed 2- and 10-year voluntary sodium-reduction targets for >150 packaged- and prepared-food categories in 2016 and finalized the short-term targets in 2021.

Methods: We modeled the health benefits of implementing the newly finalized sodium targets, and the net health losses because of the 4.3-year delay in finalizing the sodium targets in different compliance scenarios in adults aged ≥30, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015 to 2016 cycle.

Sodium and Health: Old Myths and a Controversy Based on Denial.

Purpose Of Review: The scientific consensus on which global health organizations base public health policies is that high sodium intake increases blood pressure (BP) in a linear fashion contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A moderate reduction in sodium intake to 2000 mg per day helps ensure that BP remains at a healthy level to reduce the burden of CVD.

Recent Findings: Yet, since as long ago as 1988, and more recently in eight articles published in the European Heart Journal in 2020 and 2021, some researchers have propagated a myth that reducing sodium does not consistently reduce CVD but rather that lower sodium might increase the risk of CVD.

App based education programme to reduce salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China: parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine whether a smartphone application based education programme can lower salt intake in schoolchildren and their families.

Design: Parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial, with schools randomly assigned to either intervention or control group (1:1).

Setting: 54 primary schools from three provinces in northern, central, and southern China, from 15 September 2018 to 27 December 2019.