Immunometabolism-fit: How exercise and training can modify T cell and macrophage metabolism in health and disease.

Background: The term immunometabolism describes cellular and molecular metabolic processes that control the immune system and the associated immune responses. Acute exercise and regular physical activity have a substantial influence on the metabolism and the immune system, so that both processes are closely associated and influence each other bidirectionally.

Scope Of Review: We limit the review here to focus on metabolic phenotypes and metabolic plasticity of T cells and macrophages to describe the complex role of acute exercise stress and regular physical activity on these cell types.

Hybrid-virtual simulations for Canadian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Given the efficacy of simulations as a medical education tool, the inability to provide them during the COVID-19 pandemic may be detrimental to pre-clinical medical student learning. We developed hybrid simulations, where remote learner participants could direct an in-person assistant. This offered a learning opportunity that was more realistic than fully virtual simulations and abided by public health guidelines.