Eilat virus isolated from Culex univittatus mosquitoes from the Namibian Zambezi Region influences in vitro superinfection with alpha- and flaviviruses in a virus-species-dependent manner.

The genus Alphavirus harbors arboviruses of great concern, such as the Chikungunya virus and the equine encephalitis viruses. Transmission of pathogenic alphaviruses by mosquitoes could be influenced by insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus (EILV). However, insect-specific alphaviruses are rarely found in wild mosquitoes and only a few have been described in the literature.

Abemaciclib Plus Fulvestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer Following Progression on CDK4/6 Inhibition: Results from the Phase III postMONARCH Trial.

Purpose: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy (ET) are the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC); however, disease progression occurs in almost all patients and additional treatment options are needed. Herein we report outcomes of the postMONARCH trial investigating a switch in ET with/without CDK4/6 inhibition with abemaciclib after disease progression on CDK4/6i.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized Phase III study enrolled patients with disease progression on prior CDK4/6i plus aromatase inhibitor as initial therapy for advanced disease or recurrence on/after adjuvant CDK4/6i+ET.

Recent advancements in biomarkers and molecular diagnostics in hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer.

Molecular applications have limited use in breast cancer compared to other cancer types. In recent years, with an improving appreciation of the molecular genetics of breast cancer and innovative novel targeted and immune-mediated therapeutics, opportunities have arisen for more biomarker analysis and molecular applications in the diagnosis and treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic breast cancers. In hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers, a growing number of revolutionized personalized therapies are in clinical use or on trials, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, and PIK3CA inhibitors in metastatic disease.

Increase in Blood Eosinophil Count Over Time and Sputum IL8 are Associated with FEV Decline in Asthma.

Background: Asthma is associated with accelerated rate of FEV decline.

Objective: To determine predictive factors associated with accelerated FEV decline in adult asthma and evaluate sputum cytokines as potential biomarkers for airflow decline.

Methods: We recruited 125 asthmatics evaluated at the asthma clinic of Liège and reevaluated them at least 5 years later.

Genotypic and phylogeographic insights into a pre-epidemic variant of Wesselsbron virus detected in sylvatic from Semuliki Forest, Uganda.

Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) is a neglected mosquito-borne virus within the yellow fever subgroup in the genus of the family. Despite being primarily a veterinary pathogen able to cause stillbirths, congenital malformations, and mortality in ruminants, WSLV also infects humans, causing a usually self-limiting febrile illness, or may lead to neurological complications in rare cases. WSLV causes sporadic outbreaks in Southern Africa, but findings in mosquitoes from other African countries suggest a wider distribution.

Locoregional event or dyssynchronous distant metastasis: clinicopathological and molecular analysis of contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Aims: Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis (CAM) is a rare clinical condition in patients with breast cancer (BC). CAM can be either a locoregional event or a distant metastasis. Molecular application for clonal evolution in BC has not been reported in CAM cases.

Parallel genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens uncouple human pluripotent stem cell identity versus fitness.

Pluripotent stem cells have remarkable self-renewal capacity: the ability to proliferate indefinitely while maintaining the pluripotent identity essential for their ability to differentiate into almost any cell type in the body. To investigate the interplay between these two aspects of self-renewal, we perform four parallel genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens interrogating stem cell fitness in hPSCs and the dissolution of primed pluripotent identity during early differentiation. These screens distinguish genes with distinct roles in pluripotency regulation, including mitochondrial and metabolism regulators crucial for stem cell fitness, and chromatin regulators that control pluripotent identity during early differentiation.

Updates in Systemic Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Hormone-receptor positive (HR +) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative early breast cancer (eBC) is a heterogeneous disease with several contributing factors for increased risk of recurrence, including tumor features, individual biomarkers, and genomic risk. The current standard approach in the management of HR + /HER2neg eBC includes chemotherapy and endocrine therapy (ET), and additional therapies based on risk profile, menopausal status, and genetics are sometimes appropriate. The risk of recurrence is more pronounced in patients with high-risk eBC including large tumor size, nodal involvement, high proliferative index, and genetic predisposition.

Use of cardiac cell cultures from salmonids to measure the cardiotoxic effect of environmental pollutants.

Environmental stressors such as micro- and nanosized plastic particles (MNPs) or crude oil have a detrimental effect on aquatic animals; however, the impact upon the cardiovascular system of fish remains relatively under-researched. This study presents a novel approach for investigating the effect of crude oil and MNPs on the cardiac system of fish. We used salmonid larvae and cardiac cell cultures derived from hearts of salmonid fish and exposed them to environmental stressors.

Role of [F]FDG PET/CT in patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type: Literature review and comparison between guidelines.

Purpose: The recently released EANM/SNMMI guideline, endorsed by several important clinical and imaging societies in the field of breast cancer (BC) care (ACR, ESSO, ESTRO, EUSOBI/ESR, EUSOMA), emphasized the role of [F]FDG PET/CT in management of patients with no special type (NST) BC. This review identifies and summarizes similarities, discrepancies and novelties of the EANM/SNMMI guideline compared to NCCN, ESMO and ABC recommendations.

Methods: The EANM/SNMMI guideline was based on a systematic literature search and the AGREE tool.

Genomic and transcriptomic landscape of HER2-low breast cancer.

Background: Novel agents have expanded the traditional HER2 definitions to include HER2-Low (HER2L) Breast Cancer (BC). We sought to evaluate the distinct molecular characteristics of HER2L BC to understand potential clinical/biologic factors driving resistance and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 13,613 BC samples, tested at Caris Life Sciences via NextGen DNA/RNA Sequencing.

Investigating the Salience of Clinical Meaningfulness and Clinically Meaningful Outcomes in Metastatic Breast Cancer Care Delivery.

Purpose: As metastatic breast cancer (mBC) treatment evolves, there is a need to understand how clinical meaningfulness, or a meaningful change in a patient's daily life, and clinically meaningful outcomes inform patient-centered care. Partnering with key stakeholders ensures patient-centered research incorporates the knowledge and expertise of advisors with lived experience. We describe a multistakeholder engagement approach to examine how people living with mBC (PLWmBC), caregivers, and health care providers interpret clinical meaningfulness and clinically meaningful outcomes and their influence on mBC treatment decision making and care.

Improving Outcomes for Women With Metastatic HER-Positive and HER-Low Breast Cancer.

At JADPRO Live 2023, presenters discussed recent updates to clinical practice in metastatic HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. During the session, they reviewed review recent FDA approvals, the clinical relevance of HER2-low status, and evidence-based practices for managing adverse events associated with novel HER2 agents.

Impact of hormone receptor status and tumor subtypes of breast cancer in young BRCA carriers.

Background: Hormone receptor expression is a known positive prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer; however, limited evidence exists on its prognostic impact on prognosis of young patients harboring a pathogenic variant (PV) in the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes.

Patients And Methods: This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included young patients (aged ≤40 years) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and harboring germline PVs in BRCA genes. We investigated the impact of hormone receptor status on clinical behavior and outcomes of breast cancer.

Emerging pharmacotherapy trends in preventing and managing oral mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy and targeted agents.

Introduction: The introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has tremendously changed the clinical outcomes and prognosis of cancer patients. Despite innovative pharmacological therapies and improved radiotherapy (RT) techniques, patients continue to suffer from side effects, of which oral mucositis (OM) is still the most impactful, especially for quality of life.

Areas Covered: We provide an overview of current advances in cancer pharmacotherapy and RT, in relation to their potential to cause OM, and of the less explored and more recent literature reports related to the best management of OM.

Joint EANM-SNMMI guideline on the role of 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in no special type breast cancer : (endorsed by the ACR, ESSO, ESTRO, EUSOBI/ESR, and EUSOMA).

Introduction: There is much literature about the role of 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in patients with breast cancer (BC). However, there exists no international guideline with involvement of the nuclear medicine societies about this subject.

Purpose: To provide an organized, international, state-of-the-art, and multidisciplinary guideline, led by experts of two nuclear medicine societies (EANM and SNMMI) and representation of important societies in the field of BC (ACR, ESSO, ESTRO, EUSOBI/ESR, and EUSOMA).

Persistent GDNF Expression 45 Months after Putaminal Infusion of AAV2-GDNF in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: Gene therapy by convection-enhanced delivery of type 2 adeno-associated virus-glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (AAV2-GDNF) to the bilateral putamina seeks to increase GDNF gene expression and treat Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: A 63-year-old man with advanced PD received AAV2-GDNF in a clinical trial. He died from pneumonia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion 45 months later.

Fulfilling the Role of a Parent While Undergoing Treatment for Cancer: A Review of the Literature and the Potential Impact of Childcare Support on Cancer Outcomes.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Despite the efficacy of chemotherapy, AYA patients contend with psychosocial challenges, including psychological distress and financial toxicity, exacerbated further by those with dependent children. Parenting responsibilities intersect with cancer care, impacting both family dynamics and treatment adherence.

Tissue-specific thresholds of mutation burden associated with anti-PD-1/L1 therapy benefit and prognosis in microsatellite-stable cancers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 or its ligand (PD-1/L1) have expanded the treatment landscape against cancers but are effective in only a subset of patients. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is postulated to be a generic determinant of ICI-dependent tumor rejection. Here we describe the association between TMB and survival outcomes among microsatellite-stable cancers in a real-world clinicogenomic cohort consisting of 70,698 patients distributed across 27 histologies.