[Retrospectively detectable carcinomas: review of the literature].

Retrospectively visible cancers are defined as interval cancers or screen-detected cancers (missed cancers) which are judged visible on prior screening mammogram. There are two kinds of retrospectively visible cancers: "actionable" cancers and nonspecific findings that do not warrant recall in normal practice. Nonspecific findings are twice more frequent than actionable cancers.

Effects of supplemental hay and corn silage versus full-time grazing on ruminal pH and chewing activity of dairy cows.

Grazing young, highly digestible swards with and without supplemental hay or corn silage (5.5 kg of DM/d) offered overnight was tested for its effects on ruminal pH and chewing activity. A double 3 x 3 Latin square arrangement with 6 rumen-cannulated Brown Swiss cows (29 kg/d of milk) was applied.

Ceramide kinase targeting and activity determined by its N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain.

The N-terminus of ceramide kinase (CERK) is thought to be myristoylated and to contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We found that deletion of this region (DeltaPH-CERK) ablates activity. This is not due to prevention of N-terminal myristoylation since a G2A CERK mutant, which cannot be myristoylated, was active.

Follow-up of palpable circumscribed noncalcified solid breast masses at mammography and US: can biopsy be averted?

Purpose: To determine whether palpable noncalcified solid breast masses with benign morphology at mammography and ultrasonography (US) can be managed similarly to nonpalpable probably benign lesions (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] category 3)-that is, with periodic imaging surveillance-and to determine whether biopsy can be averted in these lesions.

Materials And Methods: No institutional review board approval or patient consent was required. This retrospective analysis, based on final imaging reports, included 152 patients (age range, 28-77 years; mean age, 48.

[Ultrasound follow-up of palpable solid, probably benign breast lesions (BI-RADS category III)].

Purpose: To determine whether palpable non-calcified solid breast masses with benign morphology on ultrasound can be classified as probably benign and whether these lesions fulfill the criteria required for BI-RADS (TM) category III.

Materials And Methods: This analysis includes 78 patients with 80 palpable non-calcified solid masses that were classified as probably benign at initial sonography. Of 78 patients, 66 had periodic imaging surveillance (2 - 8 years, mean 4.

Physical activity, leisure habits and obesity in first-grade children.

Background: Overweight and obesity are already on the rise in early childhood years. The relationships between genetic factors, malnutrition and physical inactivity are the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we examine the association between body indices, motor abilities and active (sport) and passive (television/computer) leisure time activities in a cohort of first-grade pupils.

Chromosome 17p12-q11 harbors susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular components, the formation of immune complexes, and inflammation in various organs, typically the skin and kidney glomeruli. The etiology of the disease is not well understood but is most likely the result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In order to identify susceptibility loci for SLE, we have performed genome scans with microsatellite markers covering the whole genome in families from Argentina, Italy, and Europe.

Subjective and objective optic nerve assessment in African Americans and whites.

Objective: To compare the ability of quantitative optic disc topography and subjective optic disc evaluation to discriminate early glaucomatous from normal eyes in African Americans and whites.

Methods: Monocular data from eyes of 88 African-American patients and 63 eyes of white patients with glaucoma were included in the analysis. Sixty-three eyes of African American normal subjects and 42 eyes of white normal subjects were used as a control group.

Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILT-project).

Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing with its negative medical and psychosocial consequences. This paper examines the association between body mass index (BMI), motor abilities and leisure habits of 668 children within the CHILT (Children's Health InterventionaL Trial) project.

Method: A total of 668 children (51.

Pain in the older adult in the intensive care unit.

Effective pain management of the older adult begins with pain assessment using the proper tools. Understanding the complexities of the older adult in the ICU is the first step; this can be done by integrating the evidence-based practice guidelines provided by the American Geriatrics Society, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO pain standards: www.jcaho.

[Laparoscopic treatment of peri-appendicitis caused by intrauterine contraceptive device].

Background: Intrauterine device may perforate the uterus and cause several complications.

Aim: To report a case of laparoscopic treatment of peri-appendicitis caused by intrauterine device.

Patient And Method: A young female presented with pain in the right lower abdomen of 4 days of duration.

Prospective study of accuracy and outcome of emergency ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysm over two years.

Unlabelled: Determination of the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is essential in the management of the symptomatic emergency department (ED) patient.

Objectives: To identify whether emergency ultrasound of the abdominal aorta (EUS-AA) by emergency physicians could accurately determine the presence of AAA and guide ED disposition.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study at an urban ED with more than 100,000 annual patient visits with consecutive patients enrolled over a two-year period.

[Cost analysis and outcome prediction with the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS and TISS-28].

Background And Purpose: The "Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System" (TISS) and the simplified version TISS-28 obtain the therapeutic workload in the critically ill and may be used for outcome prediction. The feasibility and applicability regarding cost analysis and outcome prediction of TISS and TISS-28 have been assessed in 303 consecutive medical patients staying longer than 24 h in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Patients And Methods: The mean age of the enrolled patients was 62 +/- 12 years, 216 (71%) patients were male, length of ICU stay 3.

A novel attenuated replication-competent adenovirus for melanoma therapy.

To generate a replication-competent adenovirus (Ad) with specificity for melanoma, we constructed a tissue-specific promoter restricting E1A expression to melanoma cells. The combination of four copies of a mouse tyrosinase enhancer element (TE) fused to the human tyrosinase promoter (TP) yielded up to 2000-fold higher luciferase reporter activity in tyrosinase-expressing melanoma cells than in nonmelanoma cells. Insertion of the composite TETP construct upstream of the E1A gene was combined with deleting as far as possible the intertwined endogenous Ad enhancer/promoter (EP).

Patients' needs for nursing care: beyond staffing ratios.

The current focus on staffing ratios as a means to assure appropriate care for patients ignores the very real differences among patients in their needs for nursing care. Implementing a system that identifies these needs provides a more accurate indication of staffing requirements. In addition, storing the raw data from the system at their most basic level provides opportunities for more extensive analyses and informed, data-driven decision-making related to resource allocation, performance improvement, and productivity enhancement.

[Arteriosclerosis -- a lifelong challenge].

Background: Effective prevention of cardiovascular diseases is of utmost importance in Western civilizations as they are on top of mortality statistics.

Primary Prevention: Physical exercise plays an important role in optimizing the individuals cardiovascular risk profile. However in the absence of scientifically based studies the potential benefit of physical exercise is often being discussed.

Evaluation of the reference tissue models for PET and SPECT benzodiazepine binding parameters.

Recently, reference tissue methods have been proposed to estimate binding potential from PET data. A reference region without specifically bound ligand is used as an indirect input function to enable the expression of the time-concentration curve of a region of interest using a compartment model. However, PET dopaminergic and serotoninergic studies have shown differences between binding potential (BP) values obtained with reference tissue methods and those obtained with conventional kinetic modeling using an arterial input function.

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema: a study of 12 cases.

Twelve patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema (RS3PE) were analysed. Eight of them had typical RS3PE without underlying disease, and four presented associated neoplasia. The first patients experienced an excellent response to low doses of prednisone, and they all achieved complete and permanent remission.

Analysis of resource use and cost-generating factors in a German medical intensive care unit employing the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28).

Objective: Evaluation of resource use and costs of a medical intensive care unit (ICU) utilising the simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: : Medical ICU of a tertiary care centre.

ACE and angiotensinogen gene genotypes and left ventricular mass in athletes.

Background: Genetic factors may be important in modifying heart size due to long-term athletic training. The significance of polymorphisms of genes of the renin-angiotensin system in myocardial mass in a population of athletes participating in different disciplines is not known.

Methods: The angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism were determined in 83 male Caucasian endurance athletes and associated with left ventricular mass.