Double-stranded RNA deaminase ADAR1 increases host susceptibility to virus infection.

The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that modifies cellular and viral RNA sequences by adenosine deamination. ADAR1 has been demonstrated to play important roles in embryonic erythropoiesis, viral response, and RNA interference. In human hepatitis virus infection, ADAR1 has been shown to target viral RNA and to suppress viral replication through dsRNA editing.

Inhibition of alloresponse by a human trophoblast non-coding RNA suppressing class II transactivator promoter III and major histocompatibility class II expression in murine B-lymphocytes.

Background: Trophoblasts are a model of natural allograft tolerance. A unique characteristic is the complete lack of expression of all classic major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens. We cloned a human trophoblast non-coding RNA (TncRNA) that suppresses MHC class II expression through inhibition of the class II transactivator (CIITA) promoter.

Current assessment and management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 24 adult patients.

Objectives: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is an uncommon, benign, self-limited disorder that usually occurs in young adults without any apparent precipitating factor or disease. The purpose of this study was to review our experience in dealing with this entity and detail a reasonable course of assessment and management.

Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted to identify adult patients with SPM who were diagnosed and treated in a single institution between 1993 and 2000.

Class II transactivator promoter activity is suppressed through regulation by a trophoblast noncoding RNA.

Background: Trophoblasts lack expression of all classic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Determination of the mechanism involved could provide insight into selective gene suppression and allograft tolerance. Suppression of class II expression in trophoblasts is secondary to dominant negative trans-acting factors that suppress class II transactivator (CIITA) transcription.

Human trophoblast noncoding RNA suppresses CIITA promoter III activity in murine B-lymphocytes.

Trophoblasts lack expression of all classical MHC antigens. Determination of the mechanism involved could provide insight into selective gene suppression and allograft tolerance. Suppression of class II expression in trophoblasts is secondary to dominant negative trans-acting factors that suppress class II transactivator (CIITA) transcription.