Expression of transporter genes in anthelmintic resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including P-glycoproteins (PGP), have been implicated in drug resistance in different organisms including Haemonchus contortus. This study confirmed the resistance status of H. contortus isolates selected for ivermectin (IVM) and oxfendazole (OXF) resistances using the fecal egg count reduction test and evaluated the gene expression of seven ABC transporters using RT-qPCR for two biological scenarios: the effect of selection for anthelmintic resistance and the effect of drug exposure on gene expression.

Biological activity of cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, geraniol and anacardic acid on Haemonchus contortus isolates susceptible and resistant to synthetic anthelmintics.

Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a challenge for small ruminant farming worldwide. It causes productive and economic losses, especially due to parasite resistance to conventional anthelmintics. Natural compounds with antiparasitic activity are a potential alternative for controlling these parasites especially when considering the widespread occurrence of anthelmintic resistance.

Quantitative molecular diagnosis of levamisole resistance in populations of Haemonchus contortus.

Parasitism by Haemonchus contortus is one of the main limiting factors in small ruminant production around the globe. Although several studies suggest the use of integrated management practices, these parasites have been controlled essentially with synthetic anthelmintic drugs. The resistance mechanism against the imidazothiazole derivative levamisole in Haemonchus contortus has not been fully described.

Haemonchus contortus β-tubulin isotype 1 gene F200Y and F167Y SNPs are both selected by ivermectin and oxfendazole treatments with differing impacts on anthelmintic resistance.

Parasitism by Haemonchus contortus is one of the main limiting factors in small ruminant production in tropical areas. Benzimidazoles (BZ) and macrocyclic lactones (ML) are the most used anthelmintic classes in gastrointestinal nematodes control. There is considerable scientific evidence of a possible relation between the anthelmintic resistance to BZ and ML.