First report of warble fly infestation in markhor, .

In December 2023, 35 third-instar larvae were collected from subcutaneous granulomatous cysts in a free-ranging markhor () hunted in the Dashtijum region of the Khazratishoh mountain range, Tajikistan. The larvae were identified as those of (Diptera: Oestridae: Hypodermatinae). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an oestrid fly infestation in this host species.

Drivers of the Ectoparasite Community and Co-Infection Patterns in Rural and Urban Burrowing Owls.

Urbanization creates new ecological conditions that can affect biodiversity at all levels, including the diversity and prevalence of parasites of species that may occupy these environments. However, few studies have compared bird-ectoparasite interactions between urban and rural individuals. Here, we analyze the ectoparasite community and co-infection patterns of urban and rural burrowing owls, , to assess the influence of host traits (i.