Breast cancer metastasis to brain results in recruitment and activation of microglia through annexin-A1/formyl peptide receptor signaling.

Background: Despite advancements in therapies, brain metastasis in patients with triple negative subtype of breast cancer remains a therapeutic challenge. Activated microglia are often observed in close proximity to, or within, malignant tumor masses, suggesting a critical role that microglia play in brain tumor progression. Annexin-A1 (ANXA1), a glucocorticoid-regulated protein with immune-regulatory properties, has been implicated in the growth and metastasis of many cancers.

Annexin-A1 promotes RIG-I-dependent signaling and apoptosis via regulation of the IRF3-IFNAR-STAT1-IFIT1 pathway in A549 lung epithelial cells.

Within the last century, millions of lives have been lost to the four major Influenza pandemics. These influenza pandemics were all caused by Influenza Type A viruses (IAV) through their ability to undergo antigenic drifts and shifts. A greater understanding of IAV and host-pathogen interactions is required to develop effective therapeutics against future outbreaks.

RNA-Sequencing-Based Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Role for Annexin-A1 in Classical and Influenza A Virus-Induced Autophagy.

Influenza viruses have been shown to use autophagy for their survival. However, the proteins and mechanisms involved in the autophagic process triggered by the influenza virus are unclear. Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) is an immunomodulatory protein involved in the regulation of the immune response and Influenza A virus (IAV) replication.