Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome From Oxcarbazepine and Topiramate Withdrawal: An Unusual Case.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, but fatal adverse reaction that is most commonly seen with typical antipsychotic medications. However, NMS can also be triggered by other dopamine-modulating agents that physicians are unlikely aware of, leading to being underdiagnosed or precluding early recognition of the syndrome. We describe a case involving a 20-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and failure to thrive.

Evx1 and Evx2 specify excitatory neurotransmitter fates and suppress inhibitory fates through a Pax2-independent mechanism.

Background: For neurons to function correctly in neuronal circuitry they must utilize appropriate neurotransmitters. However, even though neurotransmitter specificity is one of the most important and defining properties of a neuron we still do not fully understand how neurotransmitter fates are specified during development. Most neuronal properties are determined by the transcription factors that neurons express as they start to differentiate.