How Long Does It Take for a Voice to Become Familiar? Speech Intelligibility and Voice Recognition Are Differentially Sensitive to Voice Training.

When people listen to speech in noisy places, they can understand more words spoken by someone familiar, such as a friend or partner, than someone unfamiliar. Yet we know little about how voice familiarity develops over time. We exposed participants ( = 50) to three voices for different lengths of time (speaking 88, 166, or 478 sentences during familiarization and training).

The control of oocyte survival by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Mechanisms that control the survival of oocytes and, by extension, the duration of ovarian function have been identified. However, it is still not clear whether oocyte "quality" is related to survival, nor is the role of the granulosa cells of follicles in follicle survival entirely understood. Here, we consider oocyte-intrinsic and oocyte-extrinsic mechanisms of oocyte loss and argue that developing a better understanding of such physiological events is needed to protect fertility, fecundity, and ovarian function in women.