Pediatric magnetic resonance angiography: to contrast or not to contrast.

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and MR venography imaging with contrast and non-contrast techniques are widely used for pediatric vascular imaging. However, as with any MRI examination, imaging the pediatric population can be challenging because of patient motion, which sometimes requires sedation. There are multiple benefits of non-contrast MR angiographic techniques, including the ability to repeat sequences if motion is present, the decreased need for sedation, and avoidance of potential risks associated with gadolinium administration and radiation exposure.

Ventricular size measurement methods in fetuses considered for prenatal closure of myelomeningocele.

Objective: Prenatal closure of myelomeningocele is associated with a reduced rate of hydrocephalus treatment. This need for hydrocephalus treatment is positively correlated with fetal ventricular width. When ventricular width is 15 mm or greater, the benefits of prenatal closure, as a method to decrease hydrocephalus treatment, are reduced.

Non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography/venography techniques: what are my options?

Non-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and MR venography techniques are gaining popularity for vascular imaging because they are faster, more forgiving and less costly compared with contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Non-contrast MR angiography also avoids gadolinium deposition, which is especially important in imaging children. Non-contrast MR angiography has an array of specific applications for numerous clinical indications.

Colostomy Takedown: Ischemic Complication following Anorectal Malformation Surgery.

Introduction: Anorectal malformations (ARM) are complex disorders that often require staged reconstructions. We present a case and imaging findings of a child who developed issues following colostomy closure due to segmental colonic ischemia. .

Tisagenlecleucel infusion in patients with relapsed/refractory ALL and concurrent serious infection.

Background: Tisagenlecleucel, an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, has demonstrated durable efficacy and a manageable safety profile in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in the ELIANA pivotal trial and real-world experience. Experience from investigator-led studies prior to ELIANA suggests that infections and inflammatory conditions may exacerbate the severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with CAR-T cell therapy, leading to extreme caution and strong restrictions for on-study and commercial infusion of tisagenlecleucel in patients with active infection. CRS intervention with interleukin (IL)-6 blockade and/or steroid therapy was introduced late in the course during clinical trials due to concern for potential negative effect on efficacy and persistence.

A radiologic review of common breast disorders in pregnancy and the perinatal period.

The imaging changes in the breast associated with pregnancy and the perinatal period may not only deviate from the baseline appearance for each patient, but may also mimic disease or confound evaluation of disease. The hormonal changes can influence a range of disorders, from benign or inflammatory changes to malignant tumors. Moreover, outcomes differ from those of similar pathologies in nonpregnant patients, owing to either physiological changes or delays in diagnosis and treatment.