Cost-effectiveness of comparative survey designs for helminth control programs: Post-hoc cost analysis and modelling of the Kenyan national school-based deworming program.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and schistosomiasis comprise the most wide-spread NTDs globally. Preventative chemotherapy is a cost-effective approach to controlling morbidity of both diseases, but relies on large scale surveys to determine and revise treatment frequency. Availability of detailed information on survey costs is limited despite recent methodological surveying innovations.

Determinants of antimicrobial resistance in biosolids: A systematic review, database, and meta-analysis.

Biosolids can provide a nutrient rich soil amendment, particularly for poor soils and semi-arid or drought-prone areas. However, there are concerns that sludge and biosolids could be a source of propagation and exposure to AMR determinants such as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To inform risk assessment efforts, a systematic literature review was performed to build a comprehensive spreadsheet database of ARB and ARG concentrations in biosolids (and some sludges specified as intended for land application), along with 69 other quantitative and qualitative meta-data fields from 68 published studies describing sampling information and processing methods that can be used for modeling purposes.

Compressed and Expanded Lattices - Barriers to Spin-State Switching in Mn Complexes.

We report the structural and magnetic properties of two new Mn complex cations in the spin crossover (SCO) [Mn(R-sal323)] series, in lattices with seven different counterions in each case. We investigate the effect on the Mn spin state of appending electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups on the phenolate donors of the ligand. This was achieved by substitution of the and positions on the phenolate donors with nitro and methoxy substituents in both possible geometric isomeric forms.

Proton-Induced Spin State Switching in an Fe Complex.

Reversible proton-induced spin state switching of an Fe complex in solution is observed at room temperature. A reversible magnetic response was detected in the complex, [Fe (sal 323)]ClO (1), using Evans' method H NMR spectroscopy which indicated cumulative switching from low-spin to high-spin upon addition of one and two equivalents of acid. Infrared spectroscopy suggests a coordination-induced spin state switching (CISSS) effect, whereby protonation displaces the metal-phenoxo donors.

Crystallographic Detection of the Spin State in Fe Complexes.

We report a single example of thermal spin crossover in a series of Fe complexes, [Fe(R-sal323)], which typically stabilize the low-spin ( = 1/2) state. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 53 such complexes with varying "R" groups, charge-balancing anions, and/or lattice solvation confirms bond lengths in line with an = 1/2 ground state, with only the [Fe(4-OMe-sal323)]NO complex () exhibiting longer bond lengths associated with a percentage of the spin sextet form at room temperature. Structural distortion parameters are investigated for the series.

Homochiral Mn Spin-Crossover Complexes: A Structural and Spectroscopic Study.

Structural, magnetic, and spectroscopic data on a Mn spin-crossover complex with Schiff base ligand 4-OMe-Sal323, isolated in crystal lattices with five different counteranions, are reported. Complexes of [Mn(4-OMe-Sal323)]X where X = ClO (), BF (), NO (), Br (), and I () crystallize isotypically in the chiral orthorhombic space group 222 with a range of spin state preferences for the [Mn(4-OMe-Sal323)] complex cation over the temperature range 5-300 K. Complexes and are high-spin, complex undergoes a gradual and complete thermal spin crossover, while complexes and show stepped crossovers with different ratios of spin triplet and quintet forms in the intermediate temperature range.

Domain Wall Dynamics in a Ferroelastic Spin Crossover Complex with Giant Magnetoelectric Coupling.

Pinned and mobile ferroelastic domain walls are detected in response to mechanical stress in a Mn complex with two-step thermal switching between the spin triplet and spin quintet forms. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy on [Mn(3,5-diCl-sal(323))]BPh reveal three distinct symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the polar space group series → → 1 → 1 The transition mechanisms involve coupling between structural and spin state order parameters, and the three transitions are Landau tricritical, first order, and first order, respectively. The two first-order phase transitions also show changes in magnetic properties and spin state ordering in the Jahn-Teller-active Mn complex.

Thermal and Magnetic Field Switching in a Two-Step Hysteretic Mn Spin Crossover Compound Coupled to Symmetry Breakings.

A Mn spin crossover complex with atypical two-step hysteretic thermal switching at 74 K and 84 K shows rich structural-magnetic interplay and magnetic-field-induced spin state switching below 14 T with an onset below 5 T. The spin states, structures, and the nature of the phase transitions are elucidated via X-ray and magnetization measurements. An unusual intermediate phase containing four individual sites, where are in a pure low spin state, is observed.

Auxiliary alkyl chain modulated spin crossover behaviour of [Fe(HBpz)(C-bipy)] complexes.

Three new alkyl chain substituted complexes [Fe(HBpz)(C-bipy)] (pz = pyrazolyl, C-bipy = bipyridine alkyl chain diester, = 3 (3), 4 (4) and 5 (5)) show versatile spin state switching behaviour with different "tail" lengths as revealed by structural and magnetic analyses. The most striking phenomenon is observed for 5 which undergoes an abrupt spin transition accompanied by thermal hysteresis of 10 K, which is attributed to crystal packing effects derived from the competition between π⋯π and C-H⋯O interactions. Interestingly, each of the complexes exhibits similar gradual and complete spin crossover in methanol solution with a transition temperature around 249 K, as deduced from temperature-dependent UV-vis spectroscopy.

Giant Magnetoelectric Coupling and Magnetic-Field-Induced Permanent Switching in a Spin Crossover Mn(III) Complex.

We investigate giant magnetoelectric coupling at a Mn spin crossover in [MnL]BPh (L = (3,5-diBr-sal)323) with a field-induced permanent switching of the structural, electric, and magnetic properties. An applied magnetic field induces a first-order phase transition from a high spin/low spin (HS-LS) ordered phase to a HS-only phase at 87.5 K that remains after the field is removed.

Modulation of Jahn-Teller distortion and electromechanical response in a Mnspin crossover complex.

Structural, magnetic and electromechanical changes resulting from spin crossover between the spin quintet and spin triplet forms of a mononuclear Mncomplex embedded in six lattices with different charge balancing counterions are reported. Isostructural ClOand BFsalts () and () each have two unique Mnsites which follow different thermal evolution pathways resulting in a crossover from the spin quintet form at room temperature to a 1:1 spin triplet:quintet ratio below 150 K. The PF() and NO() salts which each have one unique Mnsite show a complete conversion from spin quintet to spin triplet over the same temperature range.

Comparison of two field-induced Er single ion magnets.

We present the synthesis, magnetic and photophysical properties of four mononuclear Ln complexes in two isostructural lattices containing Gd and Er. A heptadentate Schiff base ligand and acetate versus trifluoroacetate were used to synthesise complexes 1-4, among which the two Er complexes 2 and 4 exhibit field-induced SIM behaviour with almost similar U values (31.6 K for 2 and 32.

Spin state solvomorphism in a series of rare S = 1 manganese(iii) complexes.

Structural, magnetic and spectroscopic data of four complex salts, [Mn(napsal323)]NTf, 1,[Mn(napsal323)]ClO, 2, [Mn(napsal323)]BF, 3 and [Mn(napsal323)]NO, 4, of the [Mn(napsal323)] complex cation indicate that the Mn ion is stabilized in the rare S = 1 spin triplet form in this ligand sphere. Zero-field splitting values of D = +19.6 cm and |E| = 2.

Directing self-assembly in solution towards improved cooperativity in Fe(iii) complexes with amphiphilic tridentate ligands.

An amphiphilic iron(iii) complex with a tridentate Schiff-base ligand was prepared by condensation of a hexadecyloxy functionalised salycylaldehyde with a diamine followed by complexation with FeCl2 and anion methathesis with NaClO4. The complex shows spin crossover both in the solid state and solution. However in solution self-assembly and consequently aggregation of individual molecules form concentration dependent particles with sizes of 300 nm for higher concentrations, or 5 nm for lower concentrations.

Bayesian analysis of multimethod ego-depletion studies favours the null hypothesis.

Ego-depletion refers to the purported decrease in performance on a task requiring self-control after engaging in a previous task involving self-control, with self-control proposed to be a limited resource. Despite many published studies consistent with this hypothesis, recurrent null findings within our laboratory and indications of publication bias have called into question the validity of the depletion effect. This project used three depletion protocols involved three different depleting initial tasks followed by three different self-control tasks as dependent measures (total n = 840).

A room temperature spin crossover ionic liquid.

Two new paramagnetic ionic liquids (ILs) comprising a mononuclear iron(III) or manganese(III) complex cation, charge balanced by a dicyanamide anion are reported which show a range of spin states. Both are liquids at room temperature and the Fe(III) based IL exhibits a spin crossover close to 300 K. The spin crossover profile is independent of the solvation, and is both air and moisture stable.

Characterization and reactivity of a terminal nickel(III)-oxygen adduct.

High-valent terminal metal-oxygen adducts are hypothesized to be the potent oxidizing reactants in late transition metal oxidation catalysis. In particular, examples of high-valent terminal nickel-oxygen adducts are scarce, meaning there is a dearth in the understanding of such oxidants. A monoanionic Ni(II)-bicarbonate complex has been found to react in a 1:1 ratio with the one-electron oxidant tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate, yielding a thermally unstable intermediate in high yield (ca.

A 13C-NMR study of azacryptand complexes.

An azacryptand has been solubilised in aqueous media containing 50% (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide. (13)C-NMR has been used to determine how the azacryptand is affected by zinc binding at pH 10. Using (13)C-NMR and (13)C-enriched bicarbonate we have been able to observe the formation of 4 different carbamate derivatives of the azacryptand at pH 10.

Substituent effects on spin state in a series of mononuclear manganese(III) complexes with hexadentate Schiff-Base ligands.

Eleven new mononuclear manganese(III) complexes prepared from two hexadentate ligands, L1 and L2, with different degrees of steric bulk in the substituents are reported. L1 and L2 are Schiff bases resulting from condensation of N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine with 3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde respectively, and are members of a ligand series we have abbreviated as R-Sal2323 to indicate the 323 alkyl connectivity in the starting tetraamine and the substitution (R) on the phenolate ring. L1 hosts a methoxy substituent on both phenolate rings, while L2 bears a larger ethoxy group in the same position.