Intake of different types of seafood and meat and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study supported by a dietary intervention in mice.

Detailed knowledge regarding the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and insight into possible mechanisms are warranted. In this study we aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the subsequent risk of T2D using the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and furthermore, by using a mouse model to gain further insight into possible molecular mechanisms contributing to the associated metabolic changes. Women in MoBa who were free of pharmacologically treated diabetes at baseline (n = 60,777) were prospectively evaluated for incident T2D, identified on the basis of medication usages > 90 days after delivery, ascertained by the Norwegian Prescription Database.

Fetal Exposure to Preeclampsia and Later Risk of Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Fetal preeclampsia exposure has been associated with later cardiometabolic disease. However, this association has been investigated in few large population-wide studies, and it is unknown whether the association represents a causal relationship or is the result of shared etiological factors.

Methods: To further investigate the relationship between preeclampsia exposure and later cardiometabolic disease, we identified 1 692 944 singleton infants born in Norway during 1967 to 1997, where 44 299 were exposed to preeclampsia in utero.

Intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in women: cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the association between intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in a population of Norwegian mothers followed up to 10 years after delivery.

Design: Women without hypertension at baseline in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (n=60 027) who delivered between 2004 and 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to ascertain antihypertensive medication use after the first 90 days following delivery. Diet was assessed by a validated semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in mid pregnancy.

Preconception leisure-time physical activity and family history of stroke and myocardial infarction associate with preterm delivery: findings from a Norwegian cohort.

Background: Preterm birth poses short and long-term health consequences for mothers and offspring including cardiovascular disease sequelae. However, studies evaluating preexisting family history of cardiovascular disease and risk factors, such as physical activity, as they relate prospectively to risk of delivering preterm are lacking.

Objectives: To evaluate whether preconception past-year weekly leisure-time physical activity or a family history of stroke or of myocardical infarction prior to age 60 years in first degree relatives associated, prospectively, with preterm delivery.

Intakes of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplements During Pregnancy and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Prospective Cohort Study of Norwegian Women.

Objective: To investigate associations between intakes of total fish, lean fish, fatty fish, and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-3PUFA) supplements and risk of type 2 diabetes in women after pregnancy. Furthermore, we sought to compare the estimated intakes of methylmercury (MeHg) and sum of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (-PCBs) with tolerable weekly intakes (TWI).

Research Design And Methods: Women free of diabetes at baseline ( = 60,831) who participated in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were prospectively evaluated for incident type 2 diabetes, identified on the basis of medication usage >90 days after delivery, ascertained through the Norwegian Prescription Database.

Evaluation of incomplete maternal smoking data using machine learning algorithms: a study from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

Background: The Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) provides national coverage of all births. While retrieval of most of the information in the birth records is mandatory, mothers may refrain to provide information on her smoking status. The proportion of women with unknown smoking status varied greatly over time, between hospitals, and by demographic groups.

Intake of carbohydrates and SFA and risk of CHD in middle-age adults: the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK).

Objective: Limiting SFA intake may minimise the risk of CHD. However, such reduction often leads to increased intake of carbohydrates. We aimed to evaluate associations and the interplay of carbohydrate and SFA intake on CHD risk.

Prevalence and incidence rates of atrial fibrillation in Norway 2004-2014.

Objective: To study time trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the entire Norwegian population from 2004 to 2014, by age and sex, and to estimate the prevalence of AF at the end of the study period.

Methods: A national cohort of patients with AF (≥18 years) was identified from inpatient admissions with AF and deaths with AF as underlying cause (1994-2014), and AF outpatient visits (2008-2014) in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) project. AF admissions or out-of-hospital death from AF, with no AF admission the previous 10 years defined incident AF.

Association of dietary vitamin K and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-age adults: the Hordaland Health Study Cohort.

Objective: The role of vitamin K in the regulation of vascular calcification is established. However, the association of dietary vitamins K1 and K2 with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is inconclusive.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Heart failure in Norway, 2000-2014: analysing incident, total and readmission rates using data from the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project.

Aims: To examine trends in heart failure (HF) hospitalization rates and risk of readmissions following an incident HF hospitalization.

Methods And Results: During 2000-2014, we identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway Project 142 109 hospitalizations with HF as primary diagnosis. Trends of incident and total (incident and recurrent) HF hospitalization rates were analysed using negative binomial regression models.

Mortality following first-time hospitalization with acute myocardial infarction in Norway, 2001-2014: Time trends, underlying causes and place of death.

Background: Trends on cause-specific mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are poorly described and no studies have analyzed where do AMI patients die. We analyzed trends in 28-day and one-year mortality following an incident AMI with focus on changes over time in the underlying cause and place of death.

Methods: We identified in the 'Cardiovascular Disease in Norway' Project all patients 25+ years, hospitalized with an incident AMI in Norway, 2001-2014.

Forearm bone density is not elevated in Inuit women with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk are elevated in adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This study aimed to compare bone health among Inuit women with IFG, T2D and normoglycemia. The study included Inuit women (≥40 y) with IFG (n = 57), T2D (n = 72) or normoglycemia (n = 340) from the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey 2007-2008 in Canada.

Red blood cell folate levels in Canadian Inuit women of childbearing years: influence of food security, body mass index, smoking, education, and vitamin use.

Background: The benefits of folic acid for prevention of congenital anomalies are well known. For the Inuit of Canada, where vitamin use is low and access to folate-rich foods limited, fortification is likely a major source of intake. We sought to determine whether red blood cell folate (RBCF) levels of Inuit women reached accepted target levels.

Trends in incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway: An updated analysis to 2014 using national data from the CVDNOR project.

Background We updated the information on trends of incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway, focusing on whether the observed trends during 2001-2009 continued throughout 2014. Methods All incident (first) acute myocardial infarctions in Norwegian residents age 25 years and older were identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway 1994-2014 project. We analysed overall and age group-specific (25-64 years, 65-84 years and 85 + years) trends by gender using Poisson regression analyses and report the average annual changes in rates with their 95% confidence intervals.

Pregnancy-Related Risk Factors Are Associated With a Significant Burden of Treated Hypertension Within 10 Years of Delivery: Findings From a Population-Based Norwegian Cohort.

Background: The association between pregnancy complications and women's later cardiovascular disease has, primarily, been evaluated in studies lacking information on important covariates. This report evaluates the prospective associations between pregnancy-related risk factors (preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction) and pharmacologically treated hypertension within 10 years after pregnancy, while adjusting for a wide range of covariates.

Methods And Results: Prepregnancy normotensive women participating in the MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study) from January 2004 through July 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to identify women with pharmacologically treated hypertension beyond the postpartum period of 3 months.

Association between pregravid physical activity and family history of stroke and risk of stillbirth: population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate whether family history of disease and pregravid lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with subsequent stillbirth delivery.

Design: Prepregnancy cohort study.

Setting: Cohort Norway regional health surveys (1994-2003) linked to Medical Birth Registry of Norway for deliveries through 2012.

Low Calcium Intake in Midpregnancy Is Associated with Hypertension Development within 10 Years after Pregnancy: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Low dietary calcium intake may be a risk factor for hypertension, but studies conflict. We evaluated the ability to predict hypertension within 10 y after delivery based on calcium intake during midpregnancy. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study of women delivering in 2004-2009 was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004-2013) to ascertain antihypertensive medication usage >90 d after delivery.

Associations between omega-3 fatty acids and 25(OH)D and psychological distress among Inuit in Canada.

Background: Inuit in Canada have experienced dietary changes over recent generations, but how this relates to psychological distress has not been investigated.

Objective: To evaluate how nutritional biomarkers are related to psychological distress.

Design: A total of 36 communities in northern Canada participated in the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007-2008).

Trends in the risk of early and late-onset heart failure as an adverse outcome of acute myocardial infarction: A Cardiovascular Disease in Norway project.

Aims Heart failure is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction, leading to a poor prognosis. We explored trends in the risk of heart failure among patients hospitalised with an incident acute myocardial infarction in Norway during 2001-2009. Methods and results A total of 69,372 patients were followed for an episode of heart failure occurring either during (early-onset heart failure) or within one year of discharge from the incident acute myocardial infarction hospitalisation (late-onset heart failure).

Development of Social and Demographic Differences in Maternal Smoking Between 1999 and 2014 in Norway.

Introduction: The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provides national coverage of all births in Norway. In this study trends of smoking at the beginning of pregnancy and the variation of these trends across different sociodemographic groups are analyzed. This knowledge is important for planning interventions both in the general population and specifically among pregnant women.

Prognostic Impact of In-Hospital and Postdischarge Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Analysis Using Data From the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We explored the excess mortality associated with HF as an early or late complication of AMI and describe changes over time in such excess mortality.

Methods And Results: All patients hospitalized with an incident AMI and without history of prior HF hospitalization were followed up to 1 year after AMI discharge for episodes of HF.

Educational inequalities in mortality of patients with atrial fibrillation in Norway.

Objectives: We explored the educational gradient in mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Design: We prospectively followed patients hospitalized with AF as primary discharge diagnosis in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway 2008-2012 project. The average length of follow-up was 2.

Higher education is associated with reduced risk of heart failure among patients with acute myocardial infarction: A nationwide analysis using data from the CVDNOR project.

Aims: Coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes are characterised by socioeconomic gradients. Although heart failure (HF) is a severe complication of CHD, sparse evidence exists on the association between socioeconomic status and HF among coronary patients. This study aimed to explore potential educational differences in the risk of HF among acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in Norway during 2001-2009.

Prevalence of unexplained anaemia in Inuit men and Inuit post-menopausal women in Northern Labrador: International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey.

Objective: To identify correlates of hemoglobin (Hb) and anaemia unexplained by iron deficiency (UA) in Canadian Inuit adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey assessed diet, demographic information, anthropometry, fasting Hb, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (on a subset), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in serum, red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid composition, blood lead, and antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in non-pregnant, Inuit adults (n = 2550), ≥18 years of age from randomly selected households in 36 Inuit communities in Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut Territory and Nunatsiavut of Northern Labrador, Canada.

Results: Hb concentrations were lower and UA prevalence higher in Inuit men after 50 years of age.

Preconception Cardiovascular Risk Factor Differences Between Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: Cohort Norway Study.

Preconception predictors of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia may identify opportunities for early detection and improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and life course epidemiology of these conditions. Female participants in community-based Cohort Norway health surveys, 1994 to 2003, were prospectively followed through 2012 via record linkages to Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Analyses included 13 217 singleton pregnancies (average of 1.