Social distancing and mental health two years into a global pandemic: a sequential exploratory mixed-methods investigation in Hong Kong.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of social distancing measures on an unprecedented scale, but their impacts on the mental health of the general public, especially in places with strict and prolonged restrictions, are not well understood. This study explored the Hong Kong public's views on social distancing measures that were implemented approximately two years into the pandemic and examined how these perceptions influence their stay-at-home motivation and mental health based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).

Design: A two-phase sequential exploratory mixed-methods study was conducted.

Bidirectional relationships among complex PTSD, dissociation, and psychotic symptoms in two samples.

Although trauma-related symptoms (e.g. complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms) and psychotic symptoms often co-occur, little is known about the complex relationships among these symptoms over time.

From moral exemplar to underperformer? The double-edged sword of ethical leadership for leader in-role and extra-role performance.

Given the overall positive influence ethical leaders have on their followers' performance, the literature has largely assumed that ethical leadership also facilitates the performance of leaders themselves. We challenge this assumption by adopting a within-person perspective to reveal more nuanced relationships between distinct forms of daily ethical leadership and daily leader performance. Building on the affect theory of social exchange (Lawler, 2001), we develop a theoretical model that examines the diverging effects of daily promotion- and prevention-focused ethical leadership on daily leader performance through the reciprocal influence of followers' affective reactions.

Displacement Stressors, Trauma Exposure, and Mental Health: A Survey of Asylum Seekers and Refugees.

The mental health of asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs) is a pressing global concern, with complex trauma histories and environmental stressors contributing to heightened vulnerability. This study investigates the mental health and service utilization patterns of ASRs in Hong Kong, where unique policy landscapes pose additional challenges to this population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 ASRs in Hong Kong.

Physical, mental, and behavioral health after adverse and benevolent childhood experiences: A comparison of two adversity conceptualizations.

Objective: Adverse and benevolent childhood experiences (ACEs and BCEs) impact health across the lifespan. No known study has investigated these associations across different health domains using a representative adult sample. This study examined the associations between adult physical, mental, and behavioral health with ACEs and BCEs based on two ACEs conceptualizations.

Effectiveness of Cognitive-Based Interventions on Psychological Distress in Adolescents With Physical Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Adolescents with physical disabilities experience common psychological distress that interacts with impaired physical function. While cognitive-based interventions have been implemented for adolescents with physical disabilities, their effects on enhancing psychological health remain uncertain. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the effects of cognitive-based interventions on the psychological distress of this population and identify optimal components for evidence-based interventions.

Living in fear at the unpredictability of mental health issues in the classroom: a phenomenological study of secondary school teachers in encountering students with mental health issues.

Background: The prevalence of mental health issues among secondary school students is on the rise. Secondary school teachers, outside the home environment, are often in a prime position to identify adolescents facing mental health challenges. Limited knowledge regarding the experiences and perspectives of secondary school teachers when encountering this particular group of students, particularly in Asian countries.

Visitor characteristics and changes in mental health stigma after attending the Mind Space mental health experience exhibition.

Introduction: Mind Space is an experiential mental health exhibition in Hong Kong, aiming to raise public awareness and provide education regarding mental health. This prepost study aimed to 1) examine the relationships between visitors' characteristics and their mental health stigma at baseline, and 2) provide a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of Mind Space in reducing stigma and promoting help-seeking attitudes toward mental health conditions.

Methods: We analyzed data from all consenting visitors who attended Mind Space between September 2019 and December 2021.

Effectiveness of a videoconferencing group-based dyad acceptance and commitment therapy on the quality of life of chronic heart failure patients and their family caregivers: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) poses a significant burden on both patients and their family caregivers (FCs), as it is associated with psychological distress and impaired quality of life (QOL). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) supports QOL by focusing on value living and facilitates acceptance of psychological difficulties by cultivating psychological flexibility. A protocol is presented that evaluates the effectiveness of a dyad ACT-based intervention delivered via smartphone on QOL and other related health outcomes compared with CHF education only.

Multicompartmental cystic trigeminal schwannoma as an uncommon differential diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors.

Trigeminal schwannoma is the second most common intracranial schwannoma yet accounts for less than 0.5% intracranial tumors [1]. Cystic degeneration is uncommon.

PET/Computed Tomography Transformation of Oncology: Ovarian Cancers.

Over the last quarter of a century, fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized the diagnostic algorithm of ovarian cancer, impacting on the initial disease evaluation including staging and surgical planning, treatment response assessment and prognostication, to the most important role in detection of recurrent disease. The role of FDG PET/CT is expanding with the adoption of new therapeutic agents. Other non-FDG tracers have been explored with fibroblast activation protein inhibitor being promising.

A retrospective cohort study of prescribing outcomes in outpatients treated with nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for COVID-19 in an interdisciplinary community clinic.

Background: Large observational studies have demonstrated the real-world effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in preventing severe COVID-19 in higher risk individuals, but have provided limited information on other aspects of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir use. Our objective was to evaluate prescribing outcomes such as the prevalence of drug-drug interactions (DDI), adverse drug events (ADE) and treatment adherence in an outpatient community clinic setting.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study of adult outpatients prescribed nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in our community COVID-19 assessment clinic in Toronto, Ontario between March 3 and September 20, 2022.

A quantitative comparison of bone resection margin distances in virtual surgical planning versus histopathology: a prospective study.

Background: Positive bone margins have been shown to be associated with worse locoregional control and survival performance in oral oncology patients. With the application of computer-assisted surgery and patient-specific surgical guides, the authors can accurately execute the preoperative osteotomy plan. However, how well the authors can predict the margin distance in the final histopathology with a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, the factors associated with it, and how much leeway CT should spare when designing the osteotomy planes during virtual surgical planning (VSP) remain to be investigated.

Evaluating the efficacy of the Thai Health Improvement Profile intervention for preventing weight gain in people with early stage psychosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of the Thai Health Improvement Profile intervention for preventing clinically significant weight gain in people with early stage psychosis.

Methods: We undertook a randomised controlled trial from 10/2018 to 05/2021. Participants with early stage psychosis (<5 year duration) were recruited using convenience sampling from the caseloads of community psychiatric nurses in Thailand and randomly allocated to either the Thai Health Improvement Profile intervention or treatment as usual group following baseline assessment.

CT-based deep learning segmentation of ovarian cancer and the stability of the extracted radiomics features.

Background: Radiomics analysis could provide complementary tissue characterization in ovarian cancer (OC). However, OC segmentation required in radiomics analysis is time-consuming and labour-intensive. In this study, we aim to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based segmentation of OC on contrast-enhanced CT images and the stability of radiomics features extracted from the automated segmentation.

Investigating the latent structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire to assess ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in an adult civilian sample during the Ukraine war.

The symptom structure of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) and the validity of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) are yet to be tested among civilians in an active war zone. The present investigation examined the factor structure of the ITQ, the internal consistency of observed scores, and their associations with demographic characteristics and war-related experiences using a nationwide sample of 2,004 adults from the general population of Ukraine approximately 6 months after the full-scale Russian invasion in 2022. Overall, rates of endorsement across all symptom clusters were high.