Neutrosophic goal programming technique with bio inspired algorithms for crop land allocation problem.

In agriculture, crop planning and land distribution have been important research subjects. The distribution of land involves several multi-functional tasks, such as maximizing output and profit and minimizing costs. These functions are influenced by a variety of uncertain elements, including yield, crop price, and indeterminate factors like seed growth and suitable fertilizer.

Power consumption prediction for electric vehicle charging stations and forecasting income.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the future of the automobile industry, as they produce zero emissions and address environmental and health concerns caused by traditional fuel-poared vehicles. As more people shift towards EVs, the demand for power consumption forecasting is increasing to manage the charging stations effectively. Predicting power consumption can help optimize operations, prevent grid overloading, and power outages, and assist companies in estimating the number of charging stations required to meet demand.

Social Factors Influencing Utilization of Old Age Homes by Elderly in Urban Area of South Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Background: Currently, most old age homes in India are completely occupied. Nowadays, nuclear families are more than joint families, and due to various factors such as urbanization, the elderly are deprived of essential care at home and are moved from their own homes to old-age homes. With the increasing geriatric population, this study explored the various social factors influencing the elderly to reside in old age homes.

Pedicled Soleus Muscle Flap for Salvage Therapy of Chronic Limb-Threatening Tibial Osteomyelitis: A Case Report.

The resurgence of opiate and intravenous drugs abuse in the United States has presented a renewed challenge to surgeons in community-based hospital settings. Patients often present with complex wounds, and when complicated by concomitant osteomyelitis, these wounds require special attention and diligent care. Local rotational flaps have been used in the salvage therapy of limb-threatening lower extremity trauma for years, and have been adapted in part for the use in patients with chronic, limb-threatening osteomyelitis.

Dietary Habits and Obesity among Adolescent School Children: A Case Control Study in an Urban Area of Kancheepuram District.

Background: Obesity is an important public health problem and is on the rise among adolescents in developed and developing nations. This case-control study was done to assess the dietary risk factors associated with obesity among school children of the adolescent age group.

Materials And Methods: This study was done among age-matched 110 cases and 110 controls who were adolescent children between ages 10 and 17 years.

Knowledge, attitude, and health seeking behavior on leprosy among urban adults in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu: A Community-based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Although various measures are taken to create awareness about the epidemiological features of leprosy and encourage health-seeking behavior, they have seldom been able to tackle the high incidence of new leprosy cases in India.

Objective: To determine Leprosy-related knowledge, attitude, and health seeking behavior among the urban population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu.

Materials And Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample size of 640 people above 18 years of age residing in the study area, selected by multistage random sampling.

Tuberculous meningitis in children: Clinical management & outcome.

Although the occurrence of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children is relatively rare, but it is associated with higher rates of mortality and severe morbidity. The peak incidence of TBM occurs in younger children who are less than five years of age, and most children present with late-stage disease. Confirmation of diagnosis is often difficult, and other infectious causes such as bacterial, viral and fungal causes must be ruled out.

Genital tuberculosis in females.

The morbidity and mortality due to tuberculosis (TB) is high worldwide, and the burden of disease among women is significant, especially in developing countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli reach the genital tract primarily by haematogenous spread and dissemination from foci outside the genitalia with lungs as the common primary focus. Genital TB in females is a chronic disease with low-grade symptoms.

Widespread cerebral haemodynamics disturbances occur early in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We wished to longitudinally assess early changes in cerebral perfusion (CP) and its relationship to cognitive impairment (CI) in ALS. Fourteen ALS patients at time of diagnosis and 11 spousal controls, both without CI, were longitudinally assessed to determine a relationship between CP and incidence of CI in early stage disease. Neuropsychological testing and CP measurements were performed in both ALS and control groups at the initial assessment (T0) and two time-periods post initial assessment, T1 and T2, taken on average 6.

Neuropsychological functioning in PLS: a comparison with ALS.

Objective: In order to characterize the nature and extent of neuropsychological dysfunction in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), we studied prospectively cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning in PLS, and compared performances to functioning in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: Eighteen patients with PLS and 13 patients with ALS completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing both cognitive skills and emotional/behavioral functioning.

Results: Both PLS and ALS groups scored broadly within normal limits (mean T-scores greater than 40) on all cognitive measures and no significant between-group differences were found with the exception of one variable.

Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal cognitive and behavioural syndromes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is increasingly recognized to be a multisystem disorder which includes both clinical and neuropathological features of a frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). In order to provide a common framework within which to discuss the characteristics of the cognitive and behavioural syndromes of ALS, and with which to conduct clinical and neuropathological research, an international research workshop on frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and ALS was held in London, Canada in June 2007. The recommendations arising from this research workshop address the requirement for a concise clinical diagnosis of the underlying motor neuron disease (Axis I), defining the cognitive and behavioural dysfunction (Axis II), describing additional non-motor manifestations (Axis III) and identifying the presence of disease modifiers (Axis IV).

Cerebral haemodynamic changes accompanying cognitive impairment in primary lateral sclerosis.

Our objective was to elucidate the relationship between cognitive decline and cerebral haemodynamics in patients with PLS. We examined 18 patients with PLS and contrasted both neuropsychological and cerebral perfusion findings with seven age- and education-matched non-PLS controls. PLS patients were stratified into two groups based on the number of abnormal neuropsychological test scores: 1) cognitively intact PLS patients (PLS; those having zero or one abnormal scores (n =14)), and 2) cognitively-impaired PLS patients (PLSci; those having two or more abnormal test scores (n =4)).

Recognizing psychologically masked illnesses: the need for collaborative relationships in mental health care.

Background: Both research and clinical experience support the view that unrecognized medical illnesses in mental health, as well as in primary care, treatment settings can directly cause or exacerbate a patient's presenting psychological symptoms. No study has compared medical and nonmedical health care professionals on their respective abilities to identify common medical illnesses that frequently masquerade as psychological disorders.

Method: In this study, 24 psychiatrists, 20 primary care physicians, 31 psychologists, and 17 social workers, recruited between November 2005 and April 2007, were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to measure the respondents' knowledge of masked medical illness.

Differentiation between primary lateral sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: examination of symptoms and signs at disease onset and during follow-up.

Background: Motor neuron diseases can affect the upper motor neuron and/or the lower motor neuron. Both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are motor neuron diseases, and there is much debate as to whether these are 2 separate disorders or simply 2 points on a continuum.

Objective: To determine which clinical features at onset and during follow-up could help differentiate between PLS and ALS.

Enhancing meaning in palliative care practice: a meaning-centered intervention to promote job satisfaction.

Objectives: This article introduces a new meaning-centered psycho-educational group intervention, called Enhancing meaning in palliative care nursing, designed to support nurses providing palliative care. This intervention aims at increasing job satisfaction and quality of life, as well as preventing burnout in this particular population. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS: Its format and content are founded on the meaning-centered psychotherapy approach developed for terminally ill cancer patients (Breitbart, 2001; Greenstein & Breitbart, 2000).

Cognitive impairment in sporadic ALS: a pathologic continuum underlying a multisystem disorder.

Background: Traditionally considered a motor neuron-selective disorder, the clinical manifestations of ALS can include a frontotemporal dementia. Although the pathologic substrate of cognitive impairment remains to be defined, the presence of ubiquitin-immunoreactive (Ub+) intraneuronal inclusions in cortical regions has been suggested to constitute a pathologic marker of this process.

Methods: The authors compared the neuropathological features of four cognitively impaired patients with ALS, four cognitively intact patients with ALS, and four neurologically normal patients.

The Cryptococcus neoformans gene DHA1 encodes an antigen that elicits a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in immune mice.

When mice are vaccinated with a culture filtrate from Cryptococcus neoformans (CneF), they mount a protective cell-mediated immune response as detected by dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to CneF. We have identified a gene (DHA1) whose product accounts at least in part for the DTH reactivity. Using an acapsular mutant (Cap-67) of C.