Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a major complication of surgical repair for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD). Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antimetabolite, has shown promise in targeting the pathological processes involved in PVR, such as cell proliferation inhibition, fibrosis and anti-inflammation. Systematic review examines the use of MTX in PVR by analysing different administration methods and outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Consistent delineation of the breast conserving surgery (BCS) tumour bed (TB) for breast cancer remains a challenge for radiation oncologists. Accurate delineation allows for better local control and reduces toxicity when planning partial breast or TB boost radiation therapy (RT).
Methods: In the operating theatre (OT) breast surgeons inserted stabilised hyaluronic acid (sHA) gel as small drops approximately one cm into the walls surrounding the resection cavity.
Purpose: To assess the degree of pathologic complete response (pCR), postoperative surgical complication rates, and oncological outcomes in women with locally advanced breast cancer or high-risk breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant radiation therapy (NART).
Methods And Materials: This retrospective, multi-institutional review involved 138 clinically staged patients with 140 breast cancers treated with NART between January 2014 and February 2021. Treatments involved sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy and NART, followed by mastectomy with or without axillary surgery and immediate autologous breast reconstruction.
Objective: To describe the incidence of infertility, pregnancy complications, and breastfeeding practices among Australian and New Zealand doctors and identify factors associated with increased pregnancy complication rates.
Methods: A survey of ANZ doctors using an online questionnaire during November 2021.
Results: One thousand ninety-nine completed responses were received.
Purpose: To evaluate a sequential approach of pneumatic displacement followed by vitrectomy (pars plana vitrectomy) in failed cases to deal with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) of various etiologies.
Methods: Retrospective, nonrandomized interventional case series of consecutive patients with SMH of up to 2 weeks' duration, who were treated with a stepwise approach. Step 1 involved intravitreal injection of 0.
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol
June 2021
Introduction: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) as part of a multi-modality approach for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) requires further investigation. Importantly, this approach may allow for a single-staged surgical procedure, with mastectomy and immediate autologous reconstruction. Multiple other potential benefits of NART include improved pathological downstaging of breast disease, reduced overall treatment time, elimination of time period with breast tissue deficit and improved patient satisfaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To determine the diagnostic parameters of breast ultrasound (US) in the setting of routine radiological surveillance after a diagnosis of breast cancer and evaluate costs of the inclusion of breast US as well as any survival benefit of US detected cases of recurrence in surveillance.
Methods: 622 patients underwent breast cancer surgery and follow up at Austin Health from July 2009 to December 2015. Retrospective data analysis was performed to determine; diagnostic parameters, financial costs of US and survival outcomes of US detected cases of recurrence.
Introduction: The UK Government imposed a COVID19 lockdown (LD) restricting all but essential activities from 24th March 2020. Subsequently, there has been a significant reduction in casualty attendances nationwide including for ophthalmic emergencies. We aim to study the presentation of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) and significant vitreous haemorrhage caused by posterior vitreous detachment (PVD-VH) in three tertiary centres covering most of the North West of England in the 6 weeks before and during the lockdown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
August 2020
Introduction: Breast implant rupture is a well-documented complication of breast implant surgery. Diagnosis of ruptured silicone implants can be difficult due to the lack of overt symptoms. This is the first reported case of a patient with silicone breast implant rupture presenting with clear nipple discharge and is presented in line with SCARCE 2018 Guidelines [1].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The majority of patients with non-metastatic breast cancer will undergo surgery. This involves complex decisions that inevitably increase time from diagnosis to surgery beyond the currently recommended 30 days. This study aims to analyse factors that increase time to surgery and establish whether it is justifiable in the context of improved individualised breast cancer management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytobezoars are a rare cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO), which consists of vegetable matter such as seeds, skins, fibres of fruit and vegetables that have solidified. We present the case of a 61-year-old man with no previous surgery who presented with central abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated SBO with a transition point in the left anterior abdomen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast Cancer Res
August 2018
Background: Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that increased mammographic density (MD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. We previously observed an elevated number of vimentin/CD45 leukocytes in high MD (HMD) epithelium. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the subtypes of immune cell infiltrates in HMD and low MD (LMD) breast tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: High mammographic density (HMD) not only confers a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (BC) but also is associated with BCs of more advanced stages. However, it is unclear whether BC progression and metastasis are stimulated by HMD. We investigated whether patient-derived HMD breast tissue could stimulate the progression of MCF10DCIS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWomen with high mammographic density (MD) are at increased risk of breast cancer (BC) after adjustment for age and body mass index. We have developed a murine biochamber model in which both high MD (HMD) and low MD (LMD) tissue can be propagated. Here, we tested whether cells isolated by collagenase digestion and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from normal breast can be reconstituted in our biochamber model, which would allow cell-specific manipulations to be tested.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOcul Immunol Inflamm
August 2017
Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcomes, complications and postoperative progression in HIV patients undergoing cataract surgery in a teaching hospital.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with HIV/AIDS who had cataract surgery from January 2000 until December 2011 at a tertiary referral multidisciplinary hospital in Singapore.
Results: We identified 44 eyes from 29 patients.
Introduction: Mammographic density (MD), after adjustment for a women's age and body mass index, is a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Although the BC risk attributable to increased MD is significant in healthy women, the biological basis of high mammographic density (HMD) causation and how it raises BC risk remain elusive. We assessed the histological and immunohistochemical differences between matched HMD and low mammographic density (LMD) breast tissues from healthy women to define which cell features may mediate the increased MD and MD-associated BC risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by a single adenoma in at least 80% of cases. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has overtaken bilateral neck exploration as the gold standard for treatment in cases with adequate preoperative localization. There is evidence that, following careful review of preoperative imaging by the surgeon, increasing numbers of patients can successfully undergo MIP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly full-term pregnancy is one of the most effective natural protections against breast cancer. To investigate this effect, we have characterized the global gene expression and epigenetic profiles of multiple cell types from normal breast tissue of nulliparous and parous women and carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We found significant differences in CD44(+) progenitor cells, where the levels of many stem cell-related genes and pathways, including the cell-cycle regulator p27, are lower in parous women without BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Surg Int
October 2004
Children with Down syndrome have an increased risk of cryptorchidism, but the reported incidence is unclear. In a proportion of these children, the testes are within the scrotum at birth but later appear to have ascended to an ectopic position. Records of patients diagnosed with trisomy 21 who had surgery for undescended testes in two tertiary paediatric centres over a 10-year period were examined.
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