STAT5 Represses a STAT3-Independent Th17-like Program during Th9 Cell Differentiation.

IL-9-producing Th cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to immunity against parasites and cancers but have detrimental roles in allergic disease and colitis. Th9 cells differentiate in response to IL-4 and TGF-β, but these signals are insufficient to drive Th9 differentiation in the absence of IL-2. IL-2-induced STAT5 activation is required for chromatin accessibility within enhancer and promoter regions and directly transactivates the locus.