Experts' recommendations in laser use for the endoscopic treatment of prostate hypertrophy: a comprehensive guide by the European Section of Uro-Technology (ESUT) and Training-Research in Urological Surgery and Technology (T.R.U.S.T.)-Group.

Purpose: To identify expert laser settings for BPH treatment and evaluate the application of preventive measures to reduce complications.

Methods: A survey was conducted after narrative literature research to identify relevant questions regarding laser use for BPH treatment (59 questions). Experts were asked for laser settings during specific clinical scenarios.

Laryngeal function in postpolio patients.

Of the 250,000 survivors of the polio epidemics, approximately 25% experience progressive muscle weakness known as postpolio syndrome (PPS). Laryngeal function in postpolio patients previously has not been studied. This paper presents data detailing laryngeal function in a group of postpolio patients who had been evaluated for swallowing complaints.

The fate of medialized cartilage in thyroplasty type I.

Thyroplasty type I is rapidly emerging as the preferred means of medializing a paralyzed vocal fold. We discuss our experience with the fate of a medialized cartilage window 9 months after an otherwise successful operation. Cartilage resorption over time resulted in degeneration of voice and in progressive aspiration.

Severe disturbances in speech, swallowing, and gait following stereotactic infrathalamic lesions in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

A 40-year-old man with severe Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome characterized by forceful self-injurious motor tics, coprolalia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder had bilateral anterior cingulotomies and bilateral infrathalamic lesions placed stereotactically during two neurosurgical procedures. During the second procedure, the patient acutely developed a marked dysarthria. Postoperatively, he manifested a severe gait disturbance with postural instability, bradykinesia, axial rigidity, micrographia, and a profound swallowing disorder.

Subcortical projections to the centromedian and parafascicular thalamic nuclei in the cat.

The primary objective of this study is to identify the totality of input to the centromedian and parafascicular (CM-Pf) thalamic nuclear complex. The subcortical projections upon the CM-Pf complex were studied in the cat with three different retrograde tracers. The tracers used were unconjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP), horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP), and rhodamine-labeled fluorescent latex microspheres (RFM).

Thalamocortical connections of the rostral intralaminar nuclei: an autoradiographic analysis in the cat.

In this study the pattern of projections from the rostral intralaminar thalamic nuclei to the cerebral cortex was examined in the cat by autoradiography. Injections of tritiated proline and leucine were placed into the central lateral, paracentral, central medial, and para-stria medullaris nuclei. After injections into the central lateral nucleus, label is present on the lateral side within the presylvian sulcus, in most of the suprasylvian gyrus, including the adjacent lateral and suprasylvian sulci, and in the posterior corner of the ectosylvian gyrus.