Vaccination: a look at the social representations of Brazilian children.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has accentuated the debate on the need for vaccination and called into question the need to increasingly bring this topic, which is widely disseminated in the scientific world, to school classes at all schooling phases. In this scenario, science education plays a key role in disseminating knowledge about the importance of vaccination and the impacting factors of a lack of immunization. In order to better understand this movement, it is necessary to understand the representations of individuals as a way of broadening paths to change this scenario.

Advancing Health and Sustainability: A Holistic Approach to Food Production and Dietary Habits.

Producing healthier food requires expertise in methods that yield significant benefits for human health, sustainability, economic growth, cultural heritage, and overall well-being. Investing in conscientious and sustainable food systems can improve individual and planetary quality of life by preventing diseases, delaying ageing, and enhancing well-being. While healthy eating habits begin at home, schools play a pivotal role in reinforcing them from an early age.

Xylanase treatment of eucalypt kraft pulps: effect of carryover.

The influence of pulp carryover on the efficiency of the xylanase (X) treatment of industrial unbleached and oxygen-delignified eucalypt kraft pulps (A1 and A2 pulps, with kappa number (KN) values of 16 and 10, respectively), collected at the same pulp mill, was studied regarding the consumption of bleaching chemicals and pulp bleachability. Another non-oxygen-delignified eucalyptus kraft pulp of KN 13 was received after the extended cooking from a different pulp mill (pulp B). The assays were performed with both lab-washed (carryover-free) and unwashed (carryover-rich) pulps.

Defining Life Skills in health promotion at school: a scoping review.

Background: Life Skills have been central to Health Promotion interventions and programmes with children and adolescents for over 40 years. School is a strategic setting for Life Skills education. Recently, policy-and decision-makers have focused on Life Skills development for youth.

The "Planning Health in School" Programme (PHS-pro) to Improve Healthy Eating and Physical Activity: Design, Methodology, and Process Evaluation.

Few interventions have successfully promoted healthy eating and active living among children with effective changes in anthropometric health outcomes. Well-designed interventions involving multiple strategies to convert the knowledge already available into action are needed for preventing childhood obesity. In this study, an educational programme called "Planning Health in School" (PHS-pro) was designed, implemented and evaluated to contribute to the prevention of obesity in childhood.

The Impact of the 'Planning Health in School' Programme on a Pair of Twins with Obesity.

This case study describes the impact of the 'Planning Health in School' programme (PHS-pro) on the nutritional status and lifestyle behaviours of two twins with obesity. As part of a larger research project involving 449 adolescents in grade-6, PHS-pro aims at preventing obesity and guiding children towards healthy behaviours. Twins were evaluated for anthropometric measurements-height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and lifestyle behaviours before (baseline) and after (8 months) PHS-pro and at a follow-up (one-year later).

Effectiveness of the "Planning Health in School" Programme on Children's Nutritional Status.

Effective interventions for guiding children to change behaviours are needed to tackle obesity. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 'Planning Health in School' programme (PHS-pro) on children's nutritional status. A non-randomised control group pretest-posttest trial was conducted at elementary schools of a sub-urban municipality in Porto's metropolitan area (Portugal).

Children Learn, Children Do! Results of the "Planning Health in School", a Behavioural Change Programme.

The 'Planning Health in School' programme (PHS-pro) is a behavioural change intervention to assess and improve the eating habits of children, particularly the intake of fruit and vegetables, and to guide them towards healthy choices. The programme and its educational components are based on the Transtheoretical Model of stages of change to integrate nutritional literacy and build up problem-solving and decision-making skills. Children ( = 240, ages 10-12) of one large suburban school in Porto's metropolitan area (Portugal) were evaluated throughout PHS-pro implementation during one school year in a repeated time-series design.

The ethics of shared Covid-19 risks: an epistemological framework for ethical health technology assessment of risk in vaccine supply chain infrastructures.

This article addresses the topic of shared responsibilities in supply chains, with a specific focus on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in e-health environments, and Industry 4.0 issues-concerning data security, privacy, reliability and management, data mining and knowledge exchange as well as health prevention. In this article, we critically review methodologies and guidelines that have been proposed to approach these ethical aspects in digital supply chain settings.

Mortality and Morbidity of Beef Calves in Free-Range Farms in Alentejo, Portugal-A Preliminary Study.

Extensive cow-calf beef cattle farms play a significant role in Portuguese livestock production, but records of important production variables, such as calf mortality, are scarce. To assess herd-level calf mortality and its potential economic impact, farmers from the Alentejo region were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding herd size, feeding and reproductive management practices, calf mortality (from birth to weaning), and detection of the main morbidity causes, as well as of sudden, unexplained deaths during the previous 12 months. Farmers were also requested to quantitatively assess the economic impact of calf mortality on their annual revenue.

Costs and benefits of a school-based health intervention in Portugal.

School-based programmes for preventing childhood obesity have been shown to be effective in improving eating habits and nutritional status, but few intervention programmes with a controlled design have included an economic evaluation. In this study, we conducted a cost-consequence analysis to evaluate the costs and the health benefits of the 'Planning Health in School' programme (PHS-pro) implemented in the Northern region of Portugal to 449 children of 10-14 years old. Previous study has showed that after PHS-pro, several anthropometric measures significantly improved in the intervention group (height, waist circumference and waist-height ratio) compared with the control group, followed by significant improvements on soft drinks, fruit and vegetables daily consumptions.

Generic health literacy measurement instruments for children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Health literacy is an important health promotion concern and recently children and adolescents have been the focus of increased academic attention. To assess the health literacy of this population, researchers have been focussing on developing instruments to measure their health literacy. Compared to the wider availability of instruments for adults, only a few tools are known for younger age groups.

Health literacy in childhood and youth: a systematic review of definitions and models.

Background: Children and young people constitute a core target group for health literacy research and practice: during childhood and youth, fundamental cognitive, physical and emotional development processes take place and health-related behaviours and skills develop. However, there is limited knowledge and academic consensus regarding the abilities and knowledge a child or young person should possess for making sound health decisions. The research presented in this review addresses this gap by providing an overview and synthesis of current understandings of health literacy in childhood and youth.

Increase of protein extraction yield from rapeseed meal through a pretreatment with phytase.

Background: Rapeseed meal is a good source of high-quality vegetal protein but contains antinutritional compounds that limit its use for human and animal feed. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to enhance alkaline protein extraction of rapeseed meal and to produce protein-rich products with low levels of phytic acid. Different phytase dosages and operating conditions were used for rapeseed meal pretreatment followed by alkaline extraction at different temperatures, time, pH and solid/liquid ratios (S/L).

Integrated bioconversion of pulp and paper primary sludge to second generation bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602.

Primary sludge, from different pulp and paper mills, was used as feedstock in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes to produce ethanol. SSF was carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602 yeast and NS 22192 enzymatic extract using 150gL(-1) of carbohydrates (CH) from primary sludge. The effect of sterilization, reduction of enzyme dosage and fed-batch vs.

Scale of Auditory Behaviors and auditory behavior tests for auditory processing assessment in Portuguese children.

Purpose: The objective of this research was to assess the auditory abilities of Portuguese children and compare such abilities to the score of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB).

Methods: Fifty-one children were evaluated with audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, and eight behavioral tests involving dichotic listening, monotic listening, temporal processing, and sound localization. Their parents filled in the SAB questionnaire adapted to European A.

Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls.

Aim: It has been suggested that the decline in menarcheal age is associated with the increase of obesity prevalence.

Objective: To examine the association between age at menarche and adiposity development from age 7 to 15 years.

Subjects: A cohort of 109 schoolgirls from Viana do Castelo (Northern Portugal).

[Causes and consequences of glycated hemoglobin variability on pediatric population].

Background: Type one diabetes mellitus is the second most frequent disease in childhood, presenting with serious complications when inadequately controlled. The most useful measure of metabolic control is hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), being essential the awareness of the causes of its variability.

Aim: to evaluate the effect of age and time of disease on HbA1c; to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c and serum lipid and microalbuminuria values.

In search of a health education model: teachers' conceptions in four Mediterranean countries.

School programs are defined to promote the health of the pupils and to develop their competencies so that they can adopt behaviors favorable to their health. With the European project FP6 Biohead-Citizen (2004-2007), we analyzed the conceptions of teachers as regards health education, in France, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia, in reference to the biomedical model and the social health model. These four countries were selected because their school curricula represented different models of health education.

Changes in adiposity status from childhood to adolescence: a 6-year longitudinal study in Portuguese boys and girls.

Background: Cross-sectional data show high prevalence of overweight in Portuguese children, but there are few longitudinal studies describing the patterns of obesity development in the young.

Aim: To examine the trajectories of obesity from late childhood to adolescence.

Subjects And Methods: Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measurements were carried out in 288 children at age 9 (baseline) and later at age 15 (follow-up).

The assessment of chromophores in bleached cellulosic pulps employing UV-Raman spectroscopy.

UV-Resonance Raman (UV-RR) coupled with UV-visible Diffuse Reflectance (UV-vis DR) spectroscopy was applied to a solid-state study of chromophores in Eucalyptus globulus kraft cellulosic pulps bleached by chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The UV-RR spectra were acquired at 325nm laser beam excitation, which was shown to be appropriate for selective analysis of chromophore structures in polysaccharides. The proposed approach allowed the monitoring of chromophores in pulps and to track the extent of polysaccharide oxidation.

School health promotion: organization of services and roles of health professionals in seven European countries.

Background: This comparative study is intended to provide a better understanding of how health promotion services are organized in school settings in Europe and to show how health professionals involved outside or within the school setting help to improve young people's health.

Methods: This study was based on an analysis of school health policies and the organization of school health services, where these existed, as well as on interviews with health and education professionals. The countries concerned were Belgium (French-speaking community), Denmark, France, Spain (Catalonia), Switzerland (Jura), Poland and Portugal.