Vaccine decision making among people who inject drugs: Improving on the WHO's 3C model of vaccine hesitancy.

The objectives of this study were to 1) identify vaccination rates among PWID in Oregon at a time when vaccines were easily accessible, 2) quantitatively identify convergence with demographic correlates of vaccination willingness and uptake to promote generalizability, and 3) explore the factors PWID were considering when deciding whether or not to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted a mixed-methods study design including 260 quantitative surveys and 41 in-depth qualitative interviews with PWID, conducted July - September 2021 at syringe services programs in Lane County, Oregon. Among the 260 survey respondents, 37.

Introduction to the special section: Histories of Global Health in Africa.

Global health is a multidisciplinary field, yet rarely productively incorporates historical knowledge. Local historical processes, interactions with past biomedical campaigns, and dynamic ecological narratives shape how disease outbreaks, health crises, and international interventions are received and remembered. The residues and afterlives of past interactions influence contemporary understandings.

Mazingira and the malady of malaria: Perceptions of malaria as an environmental disease in contemporary Zanzibar.

This paper addresses how contemporary Zanzibaris perceive the relationship between the mazingira (roughly translated as "environment") and the malady of malaria. More broadly, this article presents data exploring Zanzibari conceptions of the mazingira, the relationship between the mazingira and malaria, and who Zanzibaris believe are responsible for acting on, or for, the mazingira in regards to malaria. We use the biomedical disease malaria-and the local syncretic understanding of it, which we recognize by referring to it as the "malady of malaria"-as a lens to investigate Zanzibari conceptions of the mazingira.

Rebounding Malaria and the failures of eradication in Zanzibar: The World Health Organization campaign and the after effects, 1957-1985.

This article presents a case study of the WHO's malaria elimination attempt in Zanzibar and the decades after the program's conclusion in 1968. Drawing on archival, ethnographic, and interview data, we find that Zanzibar experienced a rebound malaria epidemic in the 1970s-1980s when prevalence rates surged higher than they were prior to the WHO's intervention. We show that scientists were aware of the risks of rebound before it happened and recognized the rebound epidemic as it was happening.

Low Vision Rehabilitation for Adult African Americans in Two Settings.

Purpose: The Vision Rehabilitation for African Americans with Central Vision Impairment (VISRAC) study is a demonstration project evaluating how modifications in vision rehabilitation can improve the use of functional vision.

Methods: Fifty-five African Americans 40 years of age and older with central vision impairment were randomly assigned to receive either clinic-based (CB) or home-based (HB) low vision rehabilitation services. Forty-eight subjects completed the study.

Fines, orders, fear . . . and consent? Medical research in East Africa, C. 1950s.

This article reconstructs the history of medical research in East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda), laying out the lies, rumours, and oppressive techniques that made research such a fraught enterprise during the colonial era. The focus is on the beginning stages of medical research: researchers' arrivals, villagers' responses, the gathering of subjects and consent. New archival and oral sources gathered in East Africa illuminate the research encounter and reintegrate the perspective of villagers cum subjects.

Assessment and rehabilitation of children with special needs.

Evaluating the visual functioning of children with multiple impairments has long been a source of frustration for many eye care practitioners. A reflection of this difficulty is seen in the number of persons with multiple handicaps, especially children who are labeled "untestable" or "blind" by eye care specialists, but whose parents, teachers, and other caregivers know have some residual vision. These children with special needs may not be responsive to standard testing procedures for a variety of reasons.