Are turbulence effects on droplet collision-coalescence a key to understanding observed rain formation in clouds?

Rain formation is a critical factor governing the lifecycle and radiative forcing of clouds and therefore it is a key element of weather and climate. Cloud microphysics-turbulence interactions occur across a wide range of scales and are challenging to represent in atmospheric models with limited resolution. Based on past experiments and idealized numerical simulations, it has been postulated that cloud turbulence accelerates rain formation by enhancing drop collision-coalescence.

Coping methods among Polish students during Covid-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic changed daily routines and forced people to develop various coping methods. University students were a social group that suffered due to a drastic change in their daily routine. The analysis of adaptation to chronic stress may help in developing more individualized care for people affected by it.

Relative Consistency of Sample Entropy Is Not Preserved in MIX Processes.

Relative consistency is a notion related to entropic parameters, most notably to Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy. It is a central characteristic assumed for e.g.

Confronting the Challenge of Modeling Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics.

In the atmosphere, refers to the microscale processes that affect cloud and precipitation particles and is a key linkage among the various components of Earth's atmospheric water and energy cycles. The representation of microphysical processes in models continues to pose a major challenge leading to uncertainty in numerical weather forecasts and climate simulations. In this paper, the problem of treating microphysics in models is divided into two parts: (i) how to represent the population of cloud and precipitation particles, given the impossibility of simulating all particles individually within a cloud, and (ii) uncertainties in the microphysical process rates owing to fundamental gaps in knowledge of cloud physics.

Artificial intelligence outperforms human students in conducting neurosurgical audits.

Objectives: Neurosurgical audits are an important part of improving the safety, efficiency and quality of care but require considerable resources, time, and funding. To that end, the advent of the Artificial Intelligence-based algorithms offered a novel, more economically viable solution. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the algorithm can indeed outperform humans in that task.

Testing heart rate asymmetry in long, nonstationary 24 hour RR-interval time series.

Objective: Heart rate asymmetry is a phenomenon in which the contribution of heart rate decelerations to short-term heart rate variability is greater than that of accelerations, and the contribution of accelerations to long-term and total variability is greater than that of decelerations. This has been established for short, stationary recordings, so our aim is to do it for long recordings.

Approach: In this paper, we analyze heart rate asymmetry in 87 long, 24 h electrocardiogram Holter recordings from healthy people.

Nebulized fentanyl versus intravenous morphine in children with suspected limb fractures in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of nebulized fentanyl (NF) with i.v. morphine (IVM) in paediatric patients presenting to the ED with clinically suspected limb fractures.

[What nurses with a bachelor of nursing degree know about the effects of alcohol on blood pressure and risk of arterial hypertension].

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the main causes of arterial hypertension. Alcohol is responsible for a few to more than ten percent of all cases of primary hypertension, particularly in persons consuming more than 20-30 g of alcohol per day. The aim of this study was to find out what Bachelor of Nursing degree holders know about alcohol consumption styles and the effects of alcohol on blood pressure, as well as on the risk of arterial hypertension in adults.

[What nurses with a bachelor of nursing degree know about the classification of arterial blood pressure and sequellae of arterial hypertension].

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is among the most important risk factors of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular pathology with a prevalence rate estimated at 20-30% of the adult population. Nowadays, it is recommended to perform an individual assessment of cardiovascular risk in a patient and to determine the threshold value for arterial hypertension, even though blood pressure classification values according to the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC), as well as the Polish Society of Hypertension (PTNT) have remained unchanged.

Aim Of Study: To determine what nurses with a Bachelor of Nursing degree know about the prevalence and classification of arterial blood pressure, as well as sequellae of arterial hypertension.

A categorical course curriculum for radiology residencies.

A categorical course curriculum was introduced at Brooke Army Medical Center to focus the content of daily conferences and lectures according to radiology subspecialties. Our goal was to improve the traditional uncoordinated conferences and apprenticeship approach to resident learning. After one-year's experience, resident performance has improved, and residents and staff greatly prefer this style of teaching.

Rounded atelectasis: a new criterion for benignancy.

A malignancy must be considered whenever a mass lesion is encountered on a chest roentgenogram. Unless an unequivocal diagnosis of a benign lesion is made, thoracotomy is usually indicated. Rounded atelectasis, while only having been recently described, is being encountered with increasing frequency.

Peripheral retinal neovascularization in diabetes mellitus.

The cases of seven patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral proliferative retinopathy (retinal neovascularization at or anterior to the equator) were studied. Associated abnormalities found included systemic arterial hypertension in five, a positive fluorescent treponemal antibody titer in four, and benign monoclonal gammopathy, intravenous drug abuse and hemoglobin AS each in one patient. The presence of additional systemic diseases should be suspected in diabetic patients with predominantly peripheral proliferative retinopathy.

Complications of krypton red laser photocoagulation to subretinal neovascular membranes.

The use of krypton red laser photocoagulation (KRLPC) to treat subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNVM) is increasing. The complications of this treatment in a large series of patients have not been reported. Over a 15-month period, 195 patients had KRLPC to SRNVM of the following etiologies: senile macular degeneration (151), presumed ocular histoplasmosis (33), miscellaneous (11).

Krypton red laser photocoagulation of subretinal neovascular membranes located within the foveal avascular zone.

Fifty-one eyes with senile macular degeneration and a well-defined subretinal neovascular membrane located within 250 microns from the center of the foveal avascular zone were treated with krypton red laser photocoagulation. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 18 months (mean, 10 months). The eyes were divided into two groups based upon the location of the neovascular membrane.

Computed tomographic diagnosis of rounded atelectasis: a case report.

A case of rounded atelectasis of the lung is presented in which the diagnosis was made following computed tomography. This imaging technique enabled differentiation of this benign condition from other causes of lung masses. In certain cases where diagnosis is difficult by conventional means, CT may prove helpful and prevent unnecessary surgery.

The transmission and interpretation of emergency department radiographs.

Twenty-five radiographic studies representative of the spectrum of trauma cases that might present to an emergency department were selected from actual cases presenting at Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) in San Antonio, Texas. The studies were then transmitted from a local television studio via satellite back to BAMC and three other Army hospitals. A panel of 29 physicians (11 radiologists, 7 emergency physicians, and 11 others from various specialty areas) viewed the images on commercial grade television sets and attempted to make a diagnosis.

The effects of isoprenaline and a new beta-sympathomimetic amine upon spontaneous activity, diastolic depolarization and plateau height in cardiac Purkinje fibres.

1 In spontaneously active Purkinje fibres of young cows the dose-response curves of the action of isoprenaline upon different electrophysiological parameters were measured.2 The increase in slope of diastolic depolarization could roughly be described by a one-for-one binding curve with a half maximum effect near 10(-8) M and the increase in the height of the plateau level by a two-for-one binding curve with a half maximum effect near 10(-7) M (-)-isoprenaline.3 These dose-response curves were similar to those of two parameters measured under voltage clamp conditions by other authors.

Activation of the electrogenic sodium pump in guinea-pig atria by external potassium ions.

1. When cardiac preparations are rewarmed following prolonged hypothermia a transient hyperpolarization occurs in K-containing media. This hyperpolarization is correlated with the active Na efflux.