Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.

Purpose: In this prospective study incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection was investigated in children with community-aquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) using methods such as serology, nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and multiplex PCR analysis.

Methods: M.

Serological and molecular detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.

This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). A total of 245 patients 6 months to 12 years of age were investigated for M. pneumoniae employing serological tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) on throat swab samples.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and asthma in children.

A clinical association between exacerbation of asthma symptoms and Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae) infection has long been suspected. We studied 80 children aged 5-15 years; 50 with asthma (Group 1) and 30 without an acute exacerbation of asthma (Group 2) for detection of M.

Mantoux test revisited: Variability in reading tuberculin test in pediatric population.

Introduction: Mantoux test aids in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), however its application and interpretation are dependent on multiple factors.

Methodology: A prospective study enrolling 400 children (aged 2-12) suspected to have tuberculosis. All participants received Mantoux test with two different strengths (1 TU and 5 TU) of Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) on different forearms.

Rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in children by chromatographic assay.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the single most important viral agent causing pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) worldwide. To evaluate the role of RSV in pediatric LRTIs, we studied 85 children <2 years of age hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained on admission for the detection of RSV antigen by immunochromatographic assay.

Detection of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.

Context: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) causes up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It is impossible to identify M.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

Objective: To determine the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) employing serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.

Methods: In this prospective study, 200 children aged 6 mo to 12 y hospitalized with acute LRTIs were investigated for M.

Application of serology and nested polymerase chain reaction for identifying in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in children.

Context: Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and upper respiratory tract infections. Since it is difficult to detect C. pneumoniae in clinical practice, specific etiological diagnosis is established only in a minority of cases.

Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children.

Setting: A tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay in paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using MGIT™ culture as gold standard.

Methods: After ethical approval had been obtained, 50 patients aged 0-14 years with suspected PTB were enrolled.

Multi-detector computed tomography imaging of large airway pathology: A pictorial review.

The tracheobronchial tree is a musculo-cartilagenous framework which acts as a conduit to aerate the lungs and consequently the entire body. A large spectrum of pathological conditions can involve the trachea and bronchial airways. These may be congenital anomalies, infections, post-intubation airway injuries, foreign body aspiration or neoplasms involving the airway.

Piloting Upfront Xpert MTB/RIF Testing on Various Specimens under Programmatic Conditions for Diagnosis of TB & DR-TB in Paediatric Population.

Background: India accounts for one-fifth of the global TB incidence. While the exact burden of childhood TB is not known, TB remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in India. Bacteriological confirmation of TB in children is challenging due to difficulty in obtaining quality specimens, in the absence of which diagnosis is largely based on clinical judgement.

Blood levels of isoniazid in Indian children with tuberculosis.

Background: Under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) in India children are receiving antituberculosis treatment (ATT) as per a weight band system. In this children may be receiving antituberculosis drugs in doses which may be more or less than that recommended in mg/kg body weight doses. The recommended dose of isoniazid (INH) for intermittent therapy under the RNTCP is 8-12 mg/kg body weight and by the World Health Organization (WHO) for daily therapy is 10-15 mg/kg body weight.

Barriers and facilitators to development of standard treatment guidelines in India.

This paper describes 15 years' experience of the development process of the first set of comprehensive standard treatment guidelines (STGs) for India and their adoption or adaptation by various state governments. The aim is to shorten the learning curve for those embarking on a similar exercise, given the key role of high-quality STGs that are accepted by the clinical community in furthering universal health coverage. The main overall obstacles to STG development are: (i) weak understanding of the concept; (ii) lack of time, enthusiasm and availability of local expertise; and (iii) managing consensus between specialists and generalists.

Complications of long-standing foreign body in the airway and their outcomes after endoscopic management: an experience of 20 cases.

Aim: To study the outcomes after endoscopic treatment of chronic foreign bodies (FBs) in the airway.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study (2008-2013) of 20 cases with chronic airway FBs (>2 weeks) was done with emphasis on endoscopic management. All cases were initially evaluated by the pediatric pulmonologist.

Paediatric idiopathic myelofibrosis.

Pediatric myelofibrosis is a rare disorder. It is usually secondary to other diseases. Rarely, when no underlying cause is found, it is termed idiopathic.

Non-response to the intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment in children: evaluation and outcome [Short Communication].

The present study evaluates the causes for the persistence of symptoms and radiological signs after at least 2 months of intensive anti-tuberculosis treatment in children. In this prospective observational study, 26 paediatric patients with partial or no response to anti-tuberculosis treatment after the 2-month intensive phase were enrolled. After a detailed history and workup, it was found that 9 (34.

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis following infective endocarditis: Amenable to immunosuppression.

Glomerulonephritis develops in about 20% patients with infective endocarditis (IE), but is mostly asymptomatic. Heavy proteinuria or derangement of kidney functions is uncommon. We report here a child with IE and proliferative glomerulonephritis who manifested as significant proteinuria that recovered on treatment with immunosupressants.

Single stage repair of tetralogy of fallot associated with left pulmonary artery sling and tracheal stenosis.

We report a rare case of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with left pulmonary artery (LPA) sling with tracheal stenosis. The patient underwent successful surgery in one stage involving intracardiac repair of TOF, LPA reimplantation and resection of tracheal stenosis with end-to-end anastomosis.

Delayed repair of posttraumatic bronchial transection.

Tracheobronchial injuries (TBI) are uncommon but potentially fatal injuries that can occur following blunt trauma to the thoracic region. Occasionally the diagnosis is not made at initial presentation, and patients present late with various sequelae. A 3 year old boy sustained blunt thoracic injury and developed respiratory distress, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema, which were managed conservatively with intercostal tube.

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract in siblings: An uncommon condition.

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are important causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood. Most do not have a definite identifiable genetic defect and occur in isolation. Rarely, familial occurrence of CAKUT has been reported.