A comparison of the efficacy of narrow band imaging and contact endoscopy in an early diagnosis of squamous malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Background: This study aims to compare the efficacy of narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy and contact endoscopy in early diagnosis of squamous malignancies of upper aerodigestive tract.

Methods: This study was of 18 months duration, sample size 50, and carried out at tertiary care hospital. The patients were subjected initially to NBI endoscopy followed by contact endoscopy.

An Extensive Unilateral Nasal Mass: Septal Schwannoma-Case Report.

Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours that arise from the Schwann cells of the myelinated nerve and may occur throughout the body. Paranasal schwannomas are uncommon lesions, representing less than 4% of all head and neck schwannomas and nasal septal schwannomas are very rare. Here we report a rare case of sinonasal schwannoma in a 46-year-old male who presented with a history of progressive nasal blockage of 3 years duration.

Inguinal Lymphadenopathy: A Rare Initial Site of Metastatic Lung Carcinoma.

Solid-organ tumors involving inguinal lymph nodes commonly originate from genitourinary tract, skin, ano-rectum, or the urinary bladder. Thus, solitary metastatic involvement of inguinal lymph nodes from extra-abdominal primary malignancies is extremely rare. However, involvement of nonregional lymph nodes upstages the disease to M1b with poor prognosis.

Primary malignant melanoma of the gastroesophageal junction: A rare and unusual disease.

Malignant melanoma, an aggressive tumor of skin, is also seen rarely in extra cutaneous sites like the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Primary melanoma of the GIT by itself is a rare tumor; often metastatic at presentation and if found non-metastatic, it is rarely resectable. We are reporting a histopathologically confirmed case of primary malignant melanoma affecting the 'gastroesophageal junction', which we operated on.

Clinical and Histopathological Correlation of p16 and p53 Expression in Oral Cancer.

p16 is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients who are positive for human papilloma virus. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is commonly mutated in human cancer. The aim is to correlate clinical and pathological features with p16 and p53 expression.

Genomic Landscape and Targeted Treatment of Gallbladder Cancer: Results of a First Ongoing Prospective Study.

 Prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not changed in the past 20 years. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) carries potential to determine the actionability for multiple targets, including , , , , , and . This study evaluates the role of CGP and targeted therapies.

Pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism: Still a rare association!

Background: Among the multitudinous etiologies of pancreatitis, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is rarely associated with pancreatitis. However, the cause and effect relationship between the two still evokes controversy. We aimed to study and characterize the nature of pancreatic disease in PHPT.

Microvillous Inclusion Disease as a Cause of Protracted Diarrhea.

Microvillous inclusion disease (MVID), also known as congenital microvillus atrophy, was first described by Davidson et al. in 1978. Till date, only a handful of cases with MVID have been described in English literature.

Histological assessment & use of immunohistochemical markers for detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophageal mucosa.

Background: Histological assessment of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) has high inter-observer variability. Hence, use of ancillary markers for early detection of dysplasia in BE is an important clinical question.

Methods: In this retrospective study consecutive cases of BE (n = 59), over a period of 4 years were included.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with Pelvic Skeletal Muscle Involvement Presenting as Low Back Ache: An Uncommon Presentation of a Rather Common Malignancy.

Lymphoma with skeletal muscle involvement is a rare clinical presentation. They may occur as primary skeletal muscle lymphoma, contiguous spread from bones or by metastatic spread. We present a rare case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with pelvic skeletal muscle involvement presenting as low back ache.

Cathepsin L and B as Potential Markers for Liver Fibrosis: Insights From Patients and Experimental Models.

Objectives: Cathepsin L (CTSL) and B (CTSB) have a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and tissue remodeling, which is a prominent feature of fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role and clinical significance of these cathepsins in liver fibrosis.

Methods: Hepatic histological CTSL and CTSB expression were assessed in experimental models of liver fibrosis, patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and controls by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Patients with mild enteropathy have apoptotic injury of enterocytes similar to that in advanced enteropathy in celiac disease.

Background: Severity of villous atrophy in celiac disease (CeD) is the cumulative effect of enterocyte loss and cell regeneration. Gluten-free diet has been shown to benefit even in patients having a positive anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody titre and mild enteropathy.

Aim: We explored the balance between mucosal apoptotic enterocyte loss and cell regeneration in mild and advanced enteropathies.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Antitissue Transglutaminase 2 in Tissue Injuries: An Interpretation Beyond Celiac Disease.

Tissue transglutaminase 2 enzyme plays a diverse role in intracellular and extracellular functioning. Aberrant expression of anti-TG2 antibody has recently been proposed for extraintestinal identification of celiac disease (CeD), but its utility is questionable. To examine whether anti-TG2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining can be of diagnostic value in identifying extraintestinal involvement in CeD, tissue blocks of patients with IgA nephropathies (IgAN), minimal change disease, membranous glomerulonephritis, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, normal kidney, intestinal biopsies from CeD, tropical sprue, nonspecific duodenitis, and inflammatory bowel disease; liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, acute liver failure (ALF), and CeD-associated liver diseases were retrieved and subjected to IHC staining for anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 enzyme.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the ovary with metastases to the omentum and regional lymph nodes.

Extrapancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare tumors, which bear morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features similar to those of pancreatic counterparts. SPN occurs primarily in adolescent girls and young women. It is considered to be a malignant neoplasm with low-grade biology.

Sclerosing mesenteric panniculitis in a young patient : common cause of diagnostic dilemma and treatment refractoriness.

Background: Sclerosing mesenteric panniculitis (SMP) is an idiopathic chronic fibroinflammatory disorder of the intra-abdominal fat.

Case Presentation: Herin, we report a case of SMP, involving the omentum, mesentery and peri-colic fat in a 18 year old male, who presented with significant and recurrent abdominal distension for 4.5 years.

Angiomyomatous hamartoma of lymph nodes: Clinicopathological study of 6 cases with review of literature.

Angiomyomatous hamartoma (AMH) is a rare disease with predisposition for inguinal and femoral lymph nodes. Histologically, it is characterized by replacement of lymph nodal parenchyma with irregularly distributed thick walled blood vessels, haphazardly arranged smooth muscle cells, variable amount of fat and fibrous tissue in a sclerotic lymphatic stroma. Few cases have also been reported in popliteal and sub - mandibular location.

Small cell osteosarcoma of the parietal region: a unique case at an unusual site.

Small cell osteosarcoma is a rare tumour that histologically mimics Ewing sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and lymphoma, the presence of osteoid being diagnostic. This variant needs different management protocol, being non-radiosensitive and behaving more aggressively than conventional osteosarcoma. The aim of this article is to highlight such an entity at an unusual site--the parietal region--with unique diagnostic, treatment and prognostic considerations in a 16-year-old girl.

Intraosseous primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the calcaneus: an unusual case and review of literature.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommon sarcomas that originate from a peripheral nerve or neurofibroma either spontaneously or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1. MPNSTs account for approximately 5% of all soft tissue malignancies. The tumor is commonly seen in the extremities and trunk.

Interpretation of ileal biopsies.

The ileum is one of the most common sites of intestine to undergo endoscopic biopsy. However, even with the experienced histopathologists, a definite diagnosis can be achieved only in 18% cases. Lack of knowledge about proper tissue handling, tissue orientation, overlapping histological findings, and lack of a standard algorithm based approach results in this low diagnostic yield.