Direct Effect of Caffeine on Diaphragmatic Muscles in Preterm Babies Through Ultrasonographic Examination.

Caffeine is frequently used for the treatment of apnea in preterm babies. Its mechanism of action includes not only antagonism of adenosine receptors on central nervous system but also an increase in electrical activity of the diaphragm. Caffeine's direct effect on diaphragm was investigated via electromyography, but ultrasound has not been used to show visible changes in muscles after the treatment before.

Lung ultrasound scores within the first 3 days of life to predict respiratory outcomes.

Backround: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a rapid and simple method to evaluate preterm babies with respiratory distress. Lately, LUS has also been reported as an accurate predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the LUS scores within the first 3 days of life and respiratory outcomes including the need and the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and development of BPD.

A very rare case of a newborn with tetrasomy 9p and literature review.

Background: Tetrasomy 9p is a rare genetic condition which usually results from a supernumerary isochromosome derived from the short arm of chromosome 9. Phenotypic findings include multiple congenital anomalies, facial dysmorphism, growth and developmental delays, and also vary according to the presence and degree of mosaicism.

Case: We report on a newborn with tetrasomy 9p who deceased in the newborn period.

Glomerulonephritis with crescents in childhood; etiologies and significance of M2 macrophages.

Background: Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a rapidly progressive and rare cause of glomerulonephritis in childhood. The aim of this study is to evaluate demographic data of children with crescentic glomerulonephritis, to classify the etiologies and to investigate the correlation between the severity of kidney disease and the expression of CD163+ macrophages.

Methods: Between the years 2000 and 2016 in a single center, patients under 18 years of age with kidney biopsies containing crescents were included in the study.

Impact of Prematurity on the Buccal Epithelial Cells of the Neonates via Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Apoptosis.

Objective: Understanding the reflections of prematurity is necessary for the management of neonatal complications. We focused on the impact of prematurity and related "maternal risk factors/obstetric complications" on buccal cells of the neonates via evaluation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and apoptosis.

Study Design: This study consisted of "early preterm neonates (EPN) (≤34th gestational week [gw]) ( = 36)," "late preterm neonates (LPN) (34th- < 37th gw) ( = 46)," and "term neonates (control) (≥37th gw) ( = 56).

Lung ultrasonography decreases radiation exposure in newborns with respiratory distress: a retrospective cohort study.

Chest X-ray (CXR) is commonly used as a first-line imaging method to determine the cause of respiratory distress in NICUs. The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the decrease in the number of CXRs performed due to the use of lung ultrasonography on the first day of life for newborns with respiratory distress. Infants who were admitted to the NICU on the first day of life due to respiratory distress were enrolled in this study (ClinicalTrials.

Impact of preterm birth on the cellular characteristics of neonatal buccal cells.

Objective: To demonstrate the impact of preterm birth on the cytological, cytomorphometrical, and nuclear parameters of neonatal buccal smears.

Methods: This study consisted of Early Preterm Neonates (EPN; ≤34th gestational week [gw]; n = 36), Late Preterm Neonates (LPN; 34th to <37th gw; n = 46), and Term Neonates (control; ≥37th gw; n = 56). Cytological evaluation and buccal cytome assay were performed using Papanicolaou and Feulgen methods, respectively.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) and surfactant treatment: looking for the best predictive moment.

Objective: Assess the earliest time of LUS to guide surfactant therapy.

Study Design: In this observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04544514), LUS was performed within 30 min and repeated at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h on preterm babies.

Transplacental hemophilia A and prophylactic treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and recombinant factor VIIa in the newborn period: a case report.

Acquired hemophilia due to inhibitor antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) is a very rare entity in neonatal period. Maternal IgG antibodies may cross the placenta and can cause life-threatening hemorrhages in newborns. Here, we represent a newborn who diagnosed as a transplacental acquired hemophilia A.

Antenatal management and outcomes of pregnancies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: The objective of this study is to evaluate the obstetric outcomes of pregnancies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: Fifty one pregnancies prenatally diagnosed with CDH at our institution between January 1, 2002 and August 31, 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The pregnancies were divided into two groups according to neonatal survival.

Non-immune hydrops fetalis: A retrospective analysis of 151 autopsies performed at a single center.

Kaykı G, Güçer Ş, Akçören Z, Orhan D, Talim B, Yurdakök M, Yiğit Ş, Boduroğlu OK, Utine GE, Örgül G, Beksac MS. Non-immune hydrops fetalis: A retrospective analysis of 151 autopsies performed at a single center. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 471-477.

Normoblastemia multinuclear en un recién nacido secundaria a hipoxia.

Normoblasts may be seen in peripheral blood smear of newborns. The number of normoblasts per 100 white blood cells is generally in the range of 0-10.They can be seen more common than usual in hypoxic condition, because intrauterine hypoxia increases the production of red blood cells.

Epidermolysis Bullosa with Pyloric Atresia and Aplasia Cutis in a Newborn Due to Homozygous Mutation in ITGB4.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (EB-PA) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in ITGA6 and/or ITGB4, resulting in altered expression of α6β4 integrin. EB-PA can also occur with aplasia cutis.

Case Report: We present a newborn with EB-PA and aplasia cutis, born of consanguineous parents, with a homozygous c.