Prospective Association of the Mediterranean Diet with the Onset of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in a UK-Based Cohort: The EPIC-Norfolk Study.

Background: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), defined as the co-occurrence of 2 or more cardiometabolic diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), is an increasing public health challenge. Although poor diet is a known risk factor for a first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), the relationship with subsequent occurrence of CMM is less studied.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prospective association between baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the onset of CMM across various follow-up durations.

Influence of neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and individual socioeconomic position on risk of developing type 2 diabetes in older men: a longitudinal analysis in the British Regional Heart Study cohort.

Introduction: Evidence from longitudinal studies on the influence of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation in older age on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. This study investigates the prospective associations of neighborhood-level deprivation and individual socioeconomic position (SEP) with T2DM incidence in older age.

Research Design And Methods: The British Regional Heart Study studied 4252 men aged 60-79 years in 1998-2000.

Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.

Background: Five modifiable risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease and death from any cause. Studies using individual-level data to evaluate the regional and sex-specific prevalence of the risk factors and their effect on these outcomes are lacking.

Methods: We pooled and harmonized individual-level data from 112 cohort studies conducted in 34 countries and 8 geographic regions participating in the Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium.

Association of night-time sleep duration and daytime napping with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older British men: Findings from the British Regional HeartStudy.

Short and long night-time sleep and daytime napping in young and middle-aged populations were associated with increased mortality, but it is unclear in very older people. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the associations in people aged >70 years. We examined the data of British Regional Heart Study, which included 1722 men aged 71-92 years and had night-time sleep duration and daytime napping measured at baseline and were followed up for nine years.

Prospective associations between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older British men.

Purpose: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is a major public health challenge. This study investigated the prospective relationships between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of CMM in older British men.

Methods: We used data from the British Regional Heart Study of 2873 men aged 60-79 free of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline.

Stroke risk in older British men: Comparing performance of stroke-specific and composite-CVD risk prediction tools.

Stroke risk is currently estimated as part of the composite risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated if composite-CVD risk prediction tools QRISK3 and Pooled Cohort Equations-PCE, derived from middle-aged adults, are as good as stroke-specific Framingham Stroke Risk Profile-FSRP and QStroke for capturing the true risk of stroke in older adults. External validation for 10y stroke outcomes was performed in men (60-79y) of the British Regional Heart Study.

Exploring the associations of daily movement behaviours and mid-life cognition: a compositional analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study.

Background: Movement behaviours (eg, sedentary behaviour (SB), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and sleep) are linked to cognition, yet the relative importance of each component is unclear, and not yet explored with compositional methodologies.

Objective: To (i) assess the associations of different components of daily movement and participant's overall cognition, memory and executive function, and (ii) understand the relative importance of each individual component for cognition.

Methods: The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a prospective birth cohort study of UK-born adults.

Biomedical consequences of elevated cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes.

Background: Higher concentrations of cholesterol-containing low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association of LDL-C with non-CVD traits remains unclear, as are the possible independent contributions of other cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.

Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the cholesterol content of high density (HDL-C), very low-density (VLDL-C), intermediate-density (IDL-C), as well as low-density lipoprotein fractions, the apolipoproteins Apo-A1 and Apo-B, as well as total triglycerides (TG), remnant-cholesterol (Rem-Chol) and total cholesterol (TC).

The Relationship of Oral Health with Progression of Physical Frailty among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Composed of Two Cohorts of Older Adults from the United Kingdom and United States.

Objective: To investigate the prospective associations between oral health and progression of physical frailty in older adults.

Design: Prospective analysis.

Setting And Participants: Data are from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) comprising 2137 men aged 71 to 92 years from 24 British towns and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study of 3075 men and women aged 70 to 79 years.

Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Background: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

Methods: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.

Haematological variables and risk of future venous thromboembolism in the British Regional Heart Study on men. Combined D-dimer and APTT as a predictive test for thromboembolism?

We examined the associations between haematological and inflammatory variables with future venous thromboembolism (VTE), in 3494 men aged 60-79 years, with no previous history of VTE or myocardial infarction, who were not receiving oral anticoagulants. After a mean follow-up period of 18 years, there were 149 confirmed cases of fatal or non-fatal VTE (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism). Among classical cardiovascular risk factors, only obesity and cigarette smoking were associated with VTE risk.

Associations between inflammation, coagulation, cardiac strain and injury, and subclinical vascular disease with frailty in older men: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Inflammation, coagulation activation, endothelial dysfunction and subclinical vascular disease are cross-sectionally associated with frailty. Cardiac-specific biomarkers are less-well characterised. We assessed associations between these and frailty, in men with, and without, cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Alcohol - The myth of cardiovascular protection.

Background & Aims: To investigate potential biases that exist in available epidemiological evidence resulting in negative associations or underestimation of cardiovascular (CV) risk associated with alcohol consumption.

Methods: UK Biobank involved baseline data collection from 22 assessment centres across the United Kingdom. The cohort consisted of 333 259 alcohol consumers and 21 710 never drinkers.

Vitamin D deficiency, impaired lung function and total and respiratory mortality in a cohort of older men: cross-sectional and prospective findings from The British Regional Heart Study.

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined the cross-sectional association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and lung function impairment and assessed whether vitamin D deficiency is related to long-term mortality in those with impaired lung function.

Design: Prospective study SETTING: General practices in the UK.

Validation of lipid-related therapeutic targets for coronary heart disease prevention using human genetics.

Drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use DNA sequence variants in or near a gene encoding a drug target, that alter the target's expression or function, as a tool to anticipate the effect of drug action on the same target. Here we apply MR to prioritize drug targets for their causal relevance for coronary heart disease (CHD). The targets are further prioritized using independent replication, co-localization, protein expression profiles and data from the British National Formulary and clinicaltrials.

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) as a drug target for cardiovascular disease.

Development of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors for coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to deliver licensed medicines. To distinguish compound from drug target failure, we compared evidence from clinical trials and drug target Mendelian randomization of CETP protein concentration, comparing this to Mendelian randomization of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). We show that previous failures of CETP inhibitors are likely compound related, as illustrated by significant degrees of between-compound heterogeneity in effects on lipids, blood pressure, and clinical outcomes observed in trials.

Identifying adults at high-risk for change in weight and BMI in England: a longitudinal, large-scale, population-based cohort study using electronic health records.

Background: Targeted obesity prevention policies would benefit from the identification of population groups with the highest risk of weight gain. The relative importance of adult age, sex, ethnicity, geographical region, and degree of social deprivation on weight gain is not known. We aimed to identify high-risk groups for changes in weight and BMI using electronic health records (EHR).

Subclinical cardiovascular disease and risk of incident frailty: The British Regional Heart Study.

Background/objectives: Subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) is cross-sectionally associated with frailty, but the relationship between subclinical CVD and incident frailty has not been reported. We aimed to assess this prospective association.

Design: Longitudinal analysis of data from the British Regional Heart Study, a prospective cohort study.

Oral health and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory mortality in older people in the UK and USA.

Preventing deterioration of oral health in older age can be crucial for survival. We aimed to examine associations of oral health problems with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and respiratory mortality in older people. We used cohort data from the British Regional Health Study (BRHS) (N = 2147, 71-92 years), and the Health, Aging and Body Composition (HABC) Study (USA) (N = 3075, 71-80 years).

Weight Change and the Onset of Cardiovascular Diseases: Emulating Trials Using Electronic Health Records.

Background: Cross-sectional measures of body mass index (BMI) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, but less is known about whether weight change affects the risk of CVD.

Methods: We estimated the effect of 2-y weight change interventions on 7-y risk of CVD (CVD death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization from coronary heart disease, and heart failure) by emulating hypothetical interventions using electronic health records. We identified 138,567 individuals with 45-69 years of age without chronic disease in England from 1998 to 2016.

Adult height and incidence of atrial fibrillation and heart failure in older men: The British Regional Heart Study.

Aims: Taller stature has been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF and heart failure (HF) often co-occur but the association between height and risk of HF in older adults has not been well studied. We have examined the association between height and incident AF and incident HF in older adults.

Associations between inflammation, cardiovascular biomarkers and incident frailty: the British Regional Heart Study.

Introduction: cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic inflammation are implicated in the development of frailty. Longitudinal analyses of inflammatory markers, biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction and incidence of frailty are limited.

Methods: in the British Regional Heart Study, 1,225 robust or pre-frail men aged 71-92 years underwent a baseline examination, with questionnaire-based frailty assessment after 3 years.