Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Altered Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic and Immune Processes in NDV-Infected Chicken Embryos.

Objective: The poultry industry is significantly impacted by viral infections, particularly Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), which leads to substantial economic losses. It is essential to comprehend how the sequence of development affects biological pathways and how early exposure to infections might affect immune responses.

Methods: This study employed transcriptome analysis to investigate host-pathogen interactions by analyzing gene expression changes in NDV-infected chicken embryos' lungs.

Molecular epidemiological studies of in commercial layer flocks in Southern peninsular India reveal the presence of new subclusters.

The parasites are one of the important protozoa species affecting domestic poultry and wild birds. Though there are frequent reports about the incidence of in wild birds, the information regarding the occurrence of commercial poultry is underestimated. From October 2015 to August 2022, ailing and dead birds from 39 commercial layer flocks were submitted to the Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal, with a history of brief illness, followed by mortality with oozing of blood from oro-nasal orifice.

In Vitro Characterization of of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection.

Newcastle disease (ND) is highly contagious and usually causes severe illness that affects all over the world, including domestic poultry. Depending on the virus's virulence, it can impact the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and cause up to 100% mortality. The genes are activated in response to viral infection.

Infectious laryngotracheitis: Etiology, epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease of chicken caused by a Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) belonging to the genus and subfamily within family. The disease is characterized by conjunctivitis, sinusitis, oculo-nasal discharge, respiratory distress, bloody mucus, swollen orbital sinuses, high morbidity, considerable mortality and decreased egg production. It is well established in highly dense poultry producing areas of the world due to characteristic latency and carrier status of the virus.

Co-infection of Newcastle disease virus genotype XIII with low pathogenic avian influenza exacerbates clinical outcome of Newcastle disease in vaccinated layer poultry flocks.

Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are economically important infectious diseases of poultry. Sometime, concomitant secondary viral/or bacterial infections significantly alters the pathobiology of ND and AI in poultry. As of now, the disease patterns and dynamics of co-infections caused by ND virus (NDV, genotype XIII) and Low Pathogenic AI viruses (LPAI, H9N2) are explicitly elusive.

Molecular phylogenetics of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from vaccinated flocks during outbreaks in Southern India reveals circulation of a novel sub-genotype.

Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important, contagious poultry viral disease reported across the globe. In India, ND is endemic and episodes of ND outbreaks despite strict vaccinations are not uncommon. We isolated and characterized seven ND viruses from vaccinated commercial poultry farms during severe disease outbreaks in Tamil Nadu, in Southern India, between April 2015 and June 2016.

Occurrence of contamination in poultry feed ingredients: Isolation, identification and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

This work has been undertaken to study the occurrence of contamination in the poultry feed ingredients and find out its antibiotic sensitivity pattern to various antimicrobial drugs. Two hundred and ninety-eight poultry feed ingredient samples received at Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu in South India were screened for the presence of . The organisms were isolated in agar under anaerobic condition and subjected to standard biochemical tests for confirmation.

Isolation and characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Emu in India.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects at least 241 species of pet and free-living birds in addition to domesticated avian species. Wild, feral and domesticated birds are recognized reservoirs of NDV, and contribute to the epidemiology of NDV in the domesticated poultry. The biological and molecular characterization of velogenic NDV (vNDV) from emus is limited.

Molecular Survey of Respiratory and Immunosuppressive Pathogens Associated with Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 Subtype and Virulent Newcastle Disease Viruses in Commercial Chicken Flocks.

The study was carried out in 48 poultry flocks to elucidate the roles of various complicating pathogens involved along with Newcastle disease (ND)/ low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) outbreaks. Necropsy was conducted and samples were collected for the isolation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Influenza A virus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), pathogenic bacteria; molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), fowl adeno virus (FAV), chicken anaemia virus (CAV), (MS) and (MG). The isolation results confirmed that 18/48 flocks (37%) were positive for the presence of hemagglutinating agents.

Haemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys - current knowledge.

Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), an adenovirus associated with acute haemorrhagic gastro-intestinal disease of 6-11-week old turkeys predominantly hampers both humoral and cellular immunity. Affected birds are more prone to secondary complications (e.g.

Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of H9N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from commercial layers in India.

Avian influenza is a highly infectious and dynamically evolving disease of birds causing high morbidity and mortality. It is caused by avian influenza virus (AIV) that belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Two types of AIV have been described based on their pathogenicity viz.

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health.

Human infections with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are increasingly becoming a threat to human health globally. While all motile Salmonellae have zoonotic potential, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are most commonly associated with human disease, for which poultry are a major source. Despite the increasing number of human NTS infections, the epidemiology of NTS in poultry in India has not been fully understood.

Pathology of a H5N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, in two Indian native chicken breeds and a synthetic broiler line.

In this study, susceptibility to H5N1 virus infection was studied in two Indian native chicken breeds viz. Kadaknath and Aseel (Peela) and an Indian synthetic broiler strain (Synthetic dam line (SDL-IC). Fifty birds from each genetic group were infected intra-nasally with 1000 EID50 of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain A/chicken/Navapur/India/7972/ 06 (H5N1) and observed for a period of 10 days.

Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India.

Although the existence of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in India was first reported in 1964, no reports are available regarding its molecular detection and characterization. The present study was aimed to detect and characterize ILTV from recent respiratory disease complex (RDC) outbreaks of commercial poultry flocks in different parts of the country by using envelope glycoprotein G gene (US4 gene) based PCR and sequencing. A total of thirty two flocks with a history of RDC were investigated.

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in India: evidence for emerging role as primary respiratory pathogen in chickens.

Adenoviruses have been isolated from both clinically healthy and diseased birds worldwide. The pathogenic role of most of the FAdVs is still questionable. They can quickly take on the role of opportunistic pathogens when additional factors, particularly concurrent infections, adversely affect the health of the avian host.

Isolation and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus from recent outbreaks in broiler flocks reveals emergence of novel strain in India.

In this study, two isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) from field outbreaks in 2008 (India/LKW/56/IVRI/08) and 2010 (India/NMK/72/IVRI/10) from broiler chickens in India were isolated and characterized. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the entire S1 gene revealed that these isolates belong to two different genotypes, India/LKW/56/IVRI/08 as Mass strain whereas India/NMK/72/IVRI/10 as of different genotype. Nucleotide sequencing analysis showed that India/LKW/56/IVRI/08 shared 99 % homology with THA280252 (Thailand) and India/NMK/72/IVRI/10 shared greater than 99 % homology with 4/91 pathogenic strain (UK), JP/Wakayama/2/2004 (Japan) and TA03 (China), while the two Indian IBV isolates shared 73 % identity between them.

Influence of dose of inocula on outcome of clinical disease in highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) infections--an experimental study.

Twelve-week-old Vanaraja (an Indian native dual purpose breed) chickens were inoculated intranasally with different doses (100, 1000, and 10,000 mean embryo infective dose [EID50]) of H5N1 virus, and the clinical disease and pathologic changes were compared. Although the overall severity of clinical signs was more severe in the 100 EID50 group, the progression of the clinical disease was slower with delayed onset of mortality when compared with the other two groups. The mean death time of the 100 EID50 group (4.