A community-based, cross-sectional study of hrHPV DNA self-sampling-based cervical cancer screening in rural Karnataka, India.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of implementing a high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA-based screening program for cervical cancer and the prevalence of hrHPV DNA-positive women in a community setting in rural India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the community level in the Hunsur taluk of the Mysore district from January to August 2016. Cervical cancer screening was conducted with self-collected vaginal samples that were analyzed using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay (Qiagen, USA).

Effects of ketamine on EEG in baboons with genetic generalized epilepsy.

Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, used as an anesthetic has been reported to induce seizures both in humans and baboons predisposed to epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to characterize the acute effects of ketamine on scalp (sc-EEG) and intracranial EEG (ic-EEG) in the baboon, which offers a natural model of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We evaluated the electroclinical response to ketamine in three epileptic baboons.

Efficacy of pre-supplementary motor area transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment resistant obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized, double blinded, sham controlled trial.

Background: A significant proportion of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients do not respond to specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). There is a need to evaluate novel treatment options for OCD.

Objective: In this double blinded, randomized, sham controlled study, we investigated the efficacy of add-on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in reducing the symptoms in SSRI-resistant OCD patients by employing anodal pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) stimulation.

Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Trichoplusia ni Tni-FNL Insect Cell Line Enabled by Long-Read Technologies.

Background: derived cell lines are commonly used to enable recombinant protein expression via baculovirus infection to generate materials approved for clinical use and in clinical trials. In order to develop systems biology and genome engineering tools to improve protein expression in this host, we performed de novo genome assembly of the -derived cell line Tni-FNL.

Methods: By integration of PacBio single-molecule sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and 10X Genomics linked-reads data, we have produced a draft genome assembly of Tni-FNL.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts heart failure readmissions and outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Objective: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has prognostic value in acute coronary syndromes. We investigated its utility for predicting heart failure (HF) admissions and major adverse cardiac outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: Data on clinical, laboratory, procedural, HF admissions, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (all-cause mortality, recurrence of myocardial infarction requiring intervention, stroke) for 298 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between 2012 and 2016 in our tertiary center were collected.

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Genes Encoding for Folate Metabolising Enzymes with Glioma and Meningioma in Indian Population.

Background: The association of primary brain tumors with Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of folate metabolising enzymes have been reported to vary among different ethnic population. Here, we have studied the association of SNPs of folate metabolizing genes with the primary brain tumors (glioma and meningioma) in North Indian population. Methods: SNPs of genes coding for folate metabolizing enzymes was carried out in 288 study population from North India [Glioma (n=108), Meningioma (n=76) and healthy-control (n=104)].

Pregnancy unmasking symptoms of undiagnosed lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Case report and review of literature.

Cystic lung diseases are a group of disorders that appear similar on radiological studies on chest computed tomography. Each disorder is characterized by its own etiology, pathophysiology, course of progression and manifestation. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is one of the cystic lung diseases that can either be hereditary or sporadic.

Supplementation of biotin to sperm preparation medium enhances fertilizing ability of spermatozoa and improves preimplantation embryo development.

Purpose: Motility of spermatozoa helps not only in planning the type of infertility treatment but also directly reflects the success rate in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Previously, biotin, a water-soluble vitamin, has been shown to increase the motility and longevity of cryopreserved human spermatozoa. The present study was designed to understand the molecular basis of the beneficial effects of presence of biotin in sperm wash medium on early embryo development.

Use of Ultrasound-Accelerated, Catheter-Directed Local Thrombolysis for Venous and Arterial Occlusions in a Pediatric Hospital.

Objectives: Acute vascular thrombosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. Traditional therapies with angioplasty and manual aspiration thrombectomy are described in the pediatric population; however, data regarding the use of ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis in a pediatric hospital are lacking.

Methods: All patients treated at our center with ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis from 2014-2018 were reviewed.

Paediatric axillary artery pseudo-aneurysm after simple shoulder dislocation.

We report the unique case of a 14-year-old male with axillary artery pseudo-aneurysm associated with brachial plexus compression after a simple shoulder dislocation. Following shoulder reduction under anaesthetic, the child was discharged on chemical deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis. However, progressive shoulder swelling and upper limb neurological symptoms developed.

Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in rural South India.

Background: While breastfeeding rates have improved globally, disparities in breastfeeding practices persist particularly in rural and low resource settings. In India, only 56% of Indian mothers practice exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the recommended six months. As India leads the world in the number of preterm births, under 5 years of age malnutrition and neonatal mortality, understanding the factors associated with EBF can help improve the nutritional status for millions of infants.

Development of infectious cDNA clones of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and analyses of the 5' non-translated region for replication and virion formation.

Infectious cDNA clones were developed for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3, genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae). In vitro RNA transcripts generated from cDNA clones showed replication via the production of 3'-coterminal subgenomic (sg) mRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. The detection of sgRNAs and the recovery of progeny recombinant virions from N.

Facile Chemoselective Strategy toward Capturing Sphingoid Bases by a Unique Glutaraldehyde-Functionalized Resin.

Sphingoid bases, which have a 2-amino-1,3-diol common functional group, are the structural backbone units of all sphingolipids. Recently, much attention has been focused on sphingoid bases because of their potentially beneficial bioactivities toward various cancer cells as well as their dietary interest. However, low abundance and the handling complexity caused by their amphiphilic character led to very limited research on them.

Evaluation of Effect of Connector Designs in Implant Tooth-supported Fixed Partial Denture: A Two-dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of connector designs on scale and distribution pattern of the stress generated in the supporting bone of implant tooth-supported three-unit fixed partial denture in distal extension situation.

Materials And Methods: Three-unit fixed partial denture geometric models with implant abutment in second molar, pontic in first molar, and second premolar as mesial abutment in distal extension situations were evaluated using a two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis. Three models were designed and constructed with mesial and distal rigid connectors, mesial nonrigid connector, and distal nonrigid connector respectively, using the software ANSYS, version 10.

Radiation risk amongst orthopaedic surgeons - Do we know the risk?

Radiation risk amongst orthopaedic surgeons and theatre personnel is increasing with increased use of fluoroscopy imaging. Increased radiation risk has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of malignancies, ocular and thyroid disorders. Very high exposures have been reported in spinal surgery and during intra-medullary nailing.

Pulsus paradoxus.

Objectives: Reviewed the etiologies, pathophysiologic mechanisms, detection and clinical significance of pulsus paradoxus in various conditions.

Data Source: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the CINAHL from inception to June 2017. We used the following search terms: Pulsus paradoxus, pericardial effusion, acute asthma, ventricular interdependence and so forth.

Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Different Types of Composite Core Build-up Materials: An in vitro Study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the fracture strength of three types of composite core build-up materials. The objectives were to study and evaluate the fracture strength and type of fracture in composite core build-up in restoration of endodonti-cally treated teeth with or without a prefabricated metallic post.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 freshly extracted mandibular premolars free of caries, cracks, or fractures were end-odontically treated and restored with composite core build-up with prefabricated metallic posts cemented with resin luting cement (group I) and without a post (group II).

Does Hypoxia-Inducible Factor -1 α (HIF-1α) C1772T polymorphism predict short-term prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)?

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a cancer of the oral cavity that is a major health problem in India. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that have prognostic significance. We studied HIF-1α levels as well as single-nucleotide polymorphism of HIF-1α gene in cancer and healthy controls.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Correlation with Pregnancy Outcome.

Background: Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India is increasing. In addition to performing physiological role in fetoplacental unit during pregnancy, cytokines also play pathophysiological role if expressed in abnormal amounts or sites.

Objective: To estimate Proinflammatory Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and anti-oxidants Glutathione Peroxidase (GTX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid and Bilirubin levels in GDM and correlate with pregnancy outcome.

Assessment of orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India.

Introduction: India is home to many tribes which have an interesting and varied history of origins, customs and social practices. Oral health care in tribal areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among tribal masses.

Objective: To assess orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India.

GABAergic inhibition of leg motoneurons is required for normal walking behavior in freely moving .

Walking is a complex rhythmic locomotor behavior generated by sequential and periodical contraction of muscles essential for coordinated control of movements of legs and leg joints. Studies of walking in vertebrates and invertebrates have revealed that premotor neural circuitry generates a basic rhythmic pattern that is sculpted by sensory feedback and ultimately controls the amplitude and phase of the motor output to leg muscles. However, the identity and functional roles of the premotor interneurons that directly control leg motoneuron activity are poorly understood.

A purified, fermented, extract of Triticum aestivum has lymphomacidal activity mediated via natural killer cell activation.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) affects over 400,000 people in the United States; its incidence increases with age. Treatment options are numerous and expanding, yet efficacy is often limited by toxicity, particularly in the elderly. Nearly 70% patients eventually die of the disease.

Suboptimal Breastfeeding Practices among Women in Rural and Low-Resource Settings: a Study of Women in Rural Mysore, India.

Background: Breastfeeding rates are progressively increasing worldwide while optimal breastfeeding practices are lagging behind, especially in rural and low resource settings like India.

Objectives: This study estimated the prevalence of and factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices among mother-infant dyads in rural southern India.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in Mysore District from 2008-2011 from 1294 mother-infant dyads.

Transseptal puncture using surgical electrocautery in children and adults with and without complex congenital heart disease.

Background: Atrial transseptal puncture (TSP) for cardiac catheterization procedures remain challenging in children and adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD).

Objectives: We sought to evaluate our experience using radiofrequency (RF) current via surgical electrocautery needle for TSP to facilitate diagnostic and interventional procedures.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients (pts) who underwent TSP using RF energy (10-25 W) via surgical electrocautery from three centers from January 2011 to January 2017 were evaluated.

Postoperative Pain and Flare-Ups: Comparison of Incidence Between Single and Multiple Visit Pulpectomy in Primary Molars.

Introduction: Endodontic treatment performed in either single- or multiple visit can be followed by numerous short- and long term complications. One of the short term complications include postoperative pain and flare-ups. The ability to predict its prevalence and forewarn the patient may go some way towards enabling coping strategies and help dentist in pain management treatment decisions.