Publications by authors named "Gowda G A Nagana"

Introduction: Human metabolomics has made significant strides in understanding metabolic changes and their implications for human health, with promising applications in diagnostics and treatment, particularly regarding the gut microbiome. However, progress is hampered by issues with data comparability and reproducibility across studies, limiting the translation of these discoveries into practical applications.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the fit-for-purpose of a suite of human stool samples as potential candidate reference materials (RMs) and assess the state of the field regarding harmonizing gut metabolomics measurements.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Four obligately anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria representing one novel genus and two novel species were isolated from the female genital tract. Both novel species, designated UPII 610-J and KA00274, and an additional isolate of each species were characterized utilizing biochemical, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses. All strains were non-motile and non-spore forming, asaccharolytic, non-cellulolytic and indole-negative coccobacilli.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Context: The clinical value of human sperm metabolites has not been established due to the technical complexity in detecting these metabolites when sperm numbers are low.

Aims: To detect endogenous intracellular metabolites in fresh and post-thaw human spermatozoa using 800MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy equipped with a 1.7-mm cryo-probe.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe form of muscular dystrophy without an effective treatment, caused by mutations in the gene, leading to the absence of dystrophin. DMD results in muscle weakness, loss of ambulation and death at an early age. Metabolomics studies in mice, the most used model for DMD, reveal changes in metabolites associated with muscle degeneration and aging.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • ICSI is a special method used to help men who have trouble having babies, but now it's being used a lot even when men aren't the problem, which is a bit too much.
  • This study looked at embryos created by both IVF and ICSI from couples who didn’t have male fertility issues to see if they grow differently.
  • The researchers found that after 96 hours, the embryos didn't show big differences in their chemical makeup, meaning ICSI doesn't change how the embryos develop compared to IVF in these cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The extended embryo culture using single-step medium gained popularity in clinical in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, there are concerns about the degradation of unstable medium components and their negative effects on the developing embryos. Further, dry-incubation can increase osmolality, which can in-turn enhance the concentration of constituents of the media and their stability.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient biopolymer that is well preserved throughout evolution and present in all studied organisms. In mammals, it shows a high co-localization with mitochondria, and it has been demonstrated to be involved in the homeostasis of key processes within the organelle, including mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, the exact extent of the effects of polyP on the regulation of cellular bioenergetics, as well as the mechanisms explaining these effects, still remain poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The associations of red and processed meat with chronic disease risk remain to be clarified, in part because of measurement error in self-reported diet.

Objectives: We sought to develop metabolomics-based biomarkers for red and processed meat, and to evaluate associations of biomarker-calibrated meat intake with chronic disease risk among postmenopausal women.

Methods: Study participants were women who were members of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study cohorts.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We recently evaluated associations of biomarker-calibrated protein intake, protein density, carbohydrate intake, and carbohydrate density with the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (1993-present, 40 US clinical centers). The biomarkers relied on serum and urine metabolomics profiles, and biomarker calibration used regression of biomarkers on food frequency questionnaires. Here we develop corresponding calibration equations using food records and dietary recalls.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: We recently developed protein and carbohydrate intake biomarkers using metabolomics profiles in serum and urine, and used them to correct self-reported dietary data for measurement error. Biomarker-calibrated carbohydrate density was inversely associated with chronic disease risk, whereas protein density associations were mixed.

Objectives: To elucidate and extend this earlier work through biomarker development for protein and carbohydrate components, including animal protein and fiber.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: Objective biomarkers of dietary exposure are needed to establish reliable diet-disease associations. Unfortunately, robust biomarkers of macronutrient intakes are scarce. We aimed to assess the utility of serum, 24-h urine and spot urine high-dimensional metabolites for the development of biomarkers of daily intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat, and the percent of energy from these macronutrients (%E).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to create accurate measures of macronutrient intake using new biomarkers and analyze their links to chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).
  • Researchers developed calibration equations based on dietary self-reports and personal characteristics from a large cohort of nearly 82,000 women, using data from previous nutritional biomarker studies.
  • Findings indicated that higher carbohydrate density was associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease and breast cancer, while higher protein density showed a positive link to type 2 diabetes incidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Six strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria representing three novel species were isolated from the female reproductive tract. The proposed type strains for each species were designated UPII 199-6, KA00182 and BV3C16-1. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the bacterial isolates were members of the genus .

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Over the past two decades, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as one of the three principal analytical techniques used in metabolomics (the other two being gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with single-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MS)). The relative ease of sample preparation, the ability to quantify metabolite levels, the high level of experimental reproducibility, and the inherently nondestructive nature of NMR spectroscopy have made it the preferred platform for long-term or large-scale clinical metabolomic studies. These advantages, however, are often outweighed by the fact that most other analytical techniques, including both LC-MS and GC-MS, are inherently more sensitive than NMR, with lower limits of detection typically being 10 to 100 times better.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Coenzymes of cellular redox reactions and cellular energy, as well as antioxidants mediate biochemical reactions fundamental to the functioning of all living cells. Conventional analysis methods lack the opportunity to evaluate these important redox and energy coenzymes and antioxidants in a single step. Major coenzymes include redox coenzymes: NAD⁺ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADP⁺ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate); energy coenzymes: ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate); and antioxidants: GSSG (oxidized glutathione) and GSH (reduced glutathione).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease with variable pathophysiology and biology, is classified into four major subtypes. While hormonal- and antibody-targeted therapies are effective in the patients with luminal and HER-2 subtypes, the patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype do not benefit from these therapies. The incidence rates of TNBC subtype are higher in African-American women, and the evidence indicates that these women have worse prognosis compared to women of European descent.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Metabolomics technologies enable the identification of putative biomarkers for numerous diseases; however, the influence of confounding factors on metabolite levels poses a major challenge in moving forward with such metabolites for pre-clinical or clinical applications.

Objectives: To address this challenge, we analyzed metabolomics data from a colorectal cancer (CRC) study, and used seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) to account for the effects of confounding factors including gender, BMI, age, alcohol use, and smoking.

Methods: A SUR model based on 113 serum metabolites quantified using targeted mass spectrometry, identified 20 metabolites that differentiated CRC patients (n = 36), patients with polyp (n = 39), and healthy subjects (n = 83).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Widely used as a weight loss supplement, trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) promotes fat loss in obese mice and humans, but has also been associated with insulin resistance.

Objective: We therefore sought to directly compare weight loss by 10,12 CLA versus caloric restriction (CR, 15-25%), an acceptable healthy method of weight loss, to determine how 10,12 CLA-mediated weight loss fails to improve glucose metabolism.

Methods: Obese mice with characteristics of human metabolic syndrome were either supplemented with 10,12 CLA or subjected to CR to promote weight loss.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

NMR-based metabolomics has shown considerable promise in disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery because it allows one to nondestructively identify and quantify large numbers of novel metabolite biomarkers in both biofluids and tissues. Precise metabolite quantification is a prerequisite to move any chemical biomarker or biomarker panel from the lab to the clinic. Among the biofluids commonly used for disease diagnosis and prognosis, urine has several advantages.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The field of metabolomics has witnessed an exponential growth in the last decade driven by important applications spanning a wide range of areas in the basic and life sciences and beyond. Mass spectrometry in combination with chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance are the two major analytical avenues for the analysis of metabolic species in complex biological mixtures. Owing to its inherent significantly higher sensitivity and fast data acquisition, MS plays an increasingly dominant role in the metabolomics field.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The complementary use of liquid chromatography (LC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has shown high utility in a variety of fields. While the significant benefit of spectral simplification can be achieved for the analysis of complex samples, other limitations remain. For example, (1)H LC-NMR suffers from pH dependent chemical shift variations, especially during urine analysis, owing to the high physiological variation of urine pH.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF