Applying a three-dimensional curved lumbar spine model to simulate surgery for training residents in pedicle screw insertion.

Purpose: The challenges of spinal surgery can be overcome by deeply understanding the anatomical and surgical complexities of the region through the use of model simulators. This study investigates the impact of digitally designed simulators, specifically lumbar spinal models with abnormal curvature, on preoperative planning and their effectiveness as training tools. The study addresses challenges in spine surgery, such as unique deformities, classification issues, and associated abdominal structure abnormalities.

Assessment of failure risks during C2 vertebra pedicle screw insertion using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography analysis: the role of high-riding vertebral artery and narrow pedicles.

Background: Cervical fixation is a common treatment for conditions like vertebral fractures, osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis, arthritis, and congenital disorders. The study was designed to assess the occurrence of high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA), narrow C2 pedicles (NC2P) and ponticulus posticus (PP), which pose risks of injuring vertebral artery (VA) during screw placement in cervical fixation procedures.

Methods: The study examined the prevalence of HRVA, NC2P and PP in 382 pedicle sides of the C2 vertebra using computed tomographic angiography scans.

Using Photogrammetry to Analyze Anatomical Changes in the Nipple in Juvenile and Adolescent Scoliosis Patients.

Background: The need for an objective set of anterior trunk measurements, such as nipple and clavicular shoulder joints, is essential to quantify the anterior asymmetry present in scoliosis. This study aims to characterize breast asymmetry (BA) in young individuals with scoliosis using photogrammetry.

Methods: Digital photographs of the anterior trunk of the 51 scoliosis patients aged 4-20 years were taken from an anterior perspective.

Analysis of the Thigh Aesthetic Profiles: One of Physical Ideal Body Proportions.

Background: The contour of the thigh is increasingly being recognized as crucial component of the ideal human physique, giving rise to heightened interest in attaining the perfect thigh profile. Notwithstanding, the contemporary landscape of cosmetic surgery appears to be bereft of efficient and precise objective methodologies to evaluate the outcomes of thigh contouring treatments. The present study is aimed to investigate the aesthetic appeal of varying thigh contours, employing specialized software as an indispensable instrument for quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Measurements of oculo-palpebral landmarks and evaluation of patient's head position.

Purpose: Keeping the head in a neutral position is requisite for glasses/lenses/head-up designs, the suitability of oculo-plastic surgery and for the grading the eye shift. Anatomically incompatible glasses are one of the common problems affecting accommodation, reducing comfort and disturbing by causing symptoms such as dizziness and nausea. The oculo-palpebral measurements act as a key determinant in symmetrical facial attractiveness.

The tortuous course of the anterior ethmoidal artery in the orbit: A cadaveric study.

Aim: The study aimed to define the coursing pattern of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) in the orbit to minimize complications during endoscopic interventions.

Materials And Methods: A total of ten formalin-fixed cadaveric halves were included in the study. Orbital regions were shown with a superior approach.

Biometric analysis hand parameters in young adults for prosthetic hand and ergonomic product applications.

This study aimed to evaluate the superficial anatomy, kinesiology, and functions of the hand to reveal its morphometry and apply the findings in various fields such as prosthetic hand and protective hand support product design. We examined 51 young adults (32 females, 19 males) aged between 18-30. Hand photographs were taken, and measurements were conducted using ImageJ software.

The Upper Attachment of the Uncinate Process and Anterior Ethmoidal Artery.

Objective: Variations in the upper attachment of the uncinate process (UP) are important because they can affect frontal sinus drainage and change the morphology. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the primary technique used to treat chronic medically refractory rhinosinusitis. Uncinectomy is the basis of FESS technique to obtain the best possible result from surgery.

Prespecialist perceptions of three-dimensional heart models in anatomical education.

Purpose: This article aims to discuss the use of three-dimensional (3D) printed models of vascular variation cases as an educational tool for undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy students.

Methods: This advanced study involved ten anatomy assistants who were provided with five distinct cases of congenital cardiovascular variations, each accompanied by a computed tomography angiography (CT-A) and 1:1 solid model format. The residents were asked to generate perceptions for both formats and then compare these perceptions based on identifying the variation, defining the structural features, and evaluating relevant educational perspectives.

Anatomical Basis for the Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation.

Background: The tear trough, hollow concavity of the lower eyelid, is one of the recognizable signs of facial aging. Anatomical description is essential in improving tear through deformity for facial rejuvenation.

Methods: Fifty cadaver were microdissected.

Patient-specific three-dimensional printing spine model for surgical planning in AO spine type-C fracture posterior long-segment fixation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare duration of surgery, intraoperative fluoroscopy exposure, blood loss and the accuracy of pedicular screw placement between 3D model-assisted surgery and conventional surgery for AO spinal C-type injuries.

Methods: In this study 32 patients who were admitted with thoracolumbar AO spinal C-type injuries were included. These patients were divided randomly into two groups of 16 where one group was operated on using conventional surgery and the other group was operated on using 3D model-assisted surgery.

The computed tomographic evaluation of bony bridge of C1 as bleeding risk factor at the screw placement.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and morphological characteristics of ponticulus posticus (PP) and ponticulus lateralis (PL) using computed tomography (CT) images on a large study sample of the Anatolian population. The presence of the PP and PL bridges can limit gap available for placement procedure through the bony elements of C1. Routine screw techniques are contraindicated because of high risk of fatal bleeding of vertebral artery (VA).

Variations of the extracranial segment of vertebral artery as a bleeding risk factor.

Background: Standart interventional procedures such as screw instrumentation, aortic arch endovascular surgery and cervical nerve blockade may be of fatal risk due to anatomic reason of variations in the proximal part of the vertebral artery (VA). The aim of this study is to study the VA variations of the extracranial segments to evaluate the frequency of the incident to demonstrate the importance of clinical condition strategy.

Methods: The prevalence of variations and morphometric measurements of the VA in three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) scans were studied.

Patient-centered oncosurgical planning with cancer models in subspecialty education.

Background: A fundamental aspect of oncosurgical planning in organ resections is the identification of feeder vessel details to preserve healthy organ tissue while fully resecting the tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) cancer case models of computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees in making appropriate operative plans for organ resection surgery.

Methods: This study was based on the perception of surgery residents who were presented with 5 different oncosurgical scenarios.

Perceptions of porta-celiac vascular models for hepatic surgery and their use in residency training.

Background: Primary aspect of hepatic navigation surgery is the identification of source vascular details to preserve healthy liver which has a vascular anatomy quite challenging for the young surgeons. The purpose was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) vascular pattern models of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees for hepatic surgery.

Methods: This study was based on the perception of residents who were presented with 5 different hepatic source vascular patterns and required to compare their perception level of CT, and 1:1 models in terms of importance of variability, differential of patterns and preoperative planning.

Variable Lower Limb Alignment of Clinical Measures With Digital Photographs and the Footscan Pressure System.

Objective: This study examines the effect of the lower limb misalignment and its possible compensatory effect on plantar pressure in a normal population. The aim of this paper is to present a structured method for the analysis of posture and its changes using a standardized digital photography technique and plantar pressure measuring device.

Design: Cohort.

Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomical Models Help in Correcting Foot Alignment in Hallux Valgus Deformities.

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is the most common pathologic entity affecting the great toe. The goal of corrective surgery is to restore foot mechanics and provide pain relief. The purpose of the study was to create individual angle using life-size foot models with three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to design a section on HV osteotomy.

Surgical planning with patient-specific three-dimensional printed pancreaticobiliary disease models - Cross-sectional study.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasingly used in medical applications with the creation of accurate patient-specific 3D printed models in medical imaging data. This study has been planned based on the fact that research on 3D printing in pancreaticobiliary disease is limited due to lack of studies on validation of model accuracy.

Methods: This is an innovative study where general surgery residents are presented 5 distinct hepatopancreatobiliary disease scenarios to generate a perception and required to compare their perception level of these cases with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), 3D images and 1:1 solid models that the pathology, diverse diagnosis and presurgery diagnosis stages can be observed.

Evaluation of the effects of using 3D - patient specific models of displaced intra - articular calcaneal fractures in surgery.

Background: It was aimed to compare conventional surgery and three-dimensional (3D) model-assisted surgery used in the treatment of calcaneal fractures.

Materials & Methods: A total of 37 patients with unilateral calcaneal fractures were randomly divided into two groups as a conventional surgery group (n: 19) and a 3D model-assisted surgery group (n: 18). The preoperative, postoperative and last follow up angles of the Bohler and Gissane, calcaneal width and facet height were measured.

Surgical advantages of using 3D patient-specific models in high-energy tibial plateau fractures.

Purpose: Treatment of tibial plateau fractures are difficult due to the intra-articular nature of the proximal tibia and extensive involvement of the soft tissue envelope. In this study, we investigated the surgical experience acquired using digitally designed life-size fracture models to guide as a template to place plates and screws in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures and anatomic reduction of joint.

Methods: 20 tibial plateau frature patients were divided into two equal surgery groups as conventional versus 3D model assisted.

Anatomical considerations of safe drilling corridor upper sacral segment screw insertion.

The upper segment of sacrum is an important for screw insertions of unstable lumbosacral spine. Measurements of the S1-S2 as sacral wings, pedicles, sacral foraminas and sacral canal were taken from 87 sacrums. The mean depths of S1 pedicle and sacral wing were estimated as 25.